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Optical Nanofibers for Fiber-In-Line Quantum Photonics

Ramachandrarao Yalla, K. Muhammed Shafi, K. Hakuta

Published Jan 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recent progress in quantum photonics with optical nanofibers (ONFs) is reported. Emphasis is on the photon channeling into the fiber guided modes for a hybrid system of an ONF cavity and a single quantum emitter.
DOI
10.1364/cleopr.2018.w4e.2

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Abstract We discuss how optical nanofibers, subwavelength-diameter fibers, can open new perspectives in quantum optical technologies theoretically and experimentally. Discussions are mainly focused on the manipulation of spontaneous emission for atoms around the nanofiber. We show that photons from single quantum emitters can be efficiently channeled into guided modes of the nanofiber. Especially by fabricating a cavity structure of the nanofiber, the channeling efficiency can be improved to exceed 80% although the cavity finesse is moderate. We discuss also how to realize such a nanofiber cavity experimentally.
A tapered optical fiber with subwavelength diameter waist, an optical nanofiber, provides a unique and all-fiber platform for manipulating atoms and photons. This paper presents some recent results towards quantum photonics on a nanofiber platform. In one direction, we demonstrate a quantum interface between trapped single atoms and fiber-guided photons using a nanofiber cavity. In the other direction, we demonstrate a polarized fiber-in-line quantum light source using a hybrid system of a single gold nanorod and single quantum dot deposited on a nanofiber.
Optical interfaces for quantum emitters are a prerequisite for implementing quantum networks. Here, we couple single molecules to the guided modes of an optical nanofiber. The molecules are embedded within a crystal that provides photostability and, due to the inhomogeneous broadening, a means to spectrally address single molecules. Single molecules are excited and detected solely via the nanofiber interface without the requirement of additional optical access. In this way, we realize a fully fiber-integrated system that is scalable and may become a versatile constituent for quantum hybrid systems.
The development of optical nanofibers (ONF) and the study and control of their optical properties when coupling atoms to their electromagnetic modes has opened new possibilities for their use in quantum optics and quantum information science. These ONFs offer tight optical mode confinement (less than the wavelength of light) and diffraction-free propagation. The small cross section of the transverse field allows probing of linear and non-linear spectroscopic features of atoms with exquisitely low power. The cooperativity -- the figure of merit in many quantum optics and quantum information systems -- tends to be large even for a single atom in the mode of an ONF, as it is proportional to the ratio of the atomic cross section to the electromagnetic mode cross section. ONFs offer a natural bus for information and for inter-atomic coupling through the tightly-confined modes, which opens the possibility of one-dimensional many-body physics and interesting quantum interconnection applications. The presence of the ONF modifies the vacuum field, affecting the spontaneous emission rates of atoms in its vicinity. The high gradients in the radial intensity naturally provide the potential for trapping atoms around the ONF, allowing the creation of one-dimensional arrays of atoms. The same radial gradient in the transverse direction of the field is responsible for the existence of a large longitudinal component that introduces the possibility of spin-orbit coupling of the light and the atom, enabling the exploration of chiral quantum optics.