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Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference (OECC)

Quantum Photonics on a Tapered Optical Fiber

K. P. Nayak

Published Jul 2, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A tapered optical fiber with subwavelength diameter waist, an optical nanofiber, provides a unique and all-fiber platform for manipulating atoms and photons. This paper presents some recent results towards quantum photonics on a nanofiber platform. In one direction, we demonstrate a quantum interface between trapped single atoms and fiber-guided photons using a nanofiber cavity. In the other direction, we demonstrate a polarized fiber-in-line quantum light source using a hybrid system of a single gold nanorod and single quantum dot deposited on a nanofiber.

DOI
10.1109/oecc56963.2023.10209933

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A tapered optical fiber with subwavelength diameter waist, an optical nanofiber, provides a unique and all-fiber platform for manipulating atoms and photons. This paper presents some recent results towards quantum photonics on a nanofiber platform. In one direction, we demonstrate a quantum interface between trapped single atoms and fiber-guided photons using a nanofiber cavity. In the other direction, we demonstrate a polarized fiber-in-line quantum light source using a hybrid system of a single gold nanorod and single quantum dot deposited on a nanofiber.
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Optical nanofibers provide a versatile platform for exploring strong light-matter interactions at the single-quantum level, a central goal of quantum optics. Their subwavelength diameter supports tightly confined guided modes with strong evanescent fields, enabling efficient coupling between photons and nearby atoms. By incorporating fiber Bragg gratings, nanofibers can form fully fiber-integrated high-finesse cavities, combining strong atom-photon coupling with efficient and low-loss optical input-output interfacing in the setting of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). In parallel, nanofiber systems naturally realize waveguide QED, where atoms interact strongly with propagating photons in a one-dimensional geometry. In this review, we introduce the underlying physical principles, summarize key experimental techniques and representative phenomena, and discuss prospects for applications in quantum information processing, quantum networks, and related quantum technologies.
Abstract We discuss how optical nanofibers, subwavelength-diameter fibers, can open new perspectives in quantum optical technologies theoretically and experimentally. Discussions are mainly focused on the manipulation of spontaneous emission for atoms around the nanofiber. We show that photons from single quantum emitters can be efficiently channeled into guided modes of the nanofiber. Especially by fabricating a cavity structure of the nanofiber, the channeling efficiency can be improved to exceed 80% although the cavity finesse is moderate. We discuss also how to realize such a nanofiber cavity experimentally.
Optical micro- and nanofibers have recently gained popularity as tools in quantum engineering using laser-cooled, neutral atoms. In particular, atoms can be trapped around such optical fibers, and photons coupled into the fibers from the surrounding atoms could be used to transfer quantum state information within the system. It has also been demonstrated that such fibers can be used to manipulate and trap silica and polystyrene particles in the 1-3 μm range. We recently proposed using a focused ion beam nanostructured tapered optical fiber for improved atom trapping geometries1. Here, we present details on the design and fabrication of these nanostructured optical fibers and their integration into particle trapping platforms for the demonstration of submicron particle trapping. The optical fibers are tapered to approximately 1-2 μm waist diameters, using a custom-built, heat-and-pull fiber rig, prior to processing using a focused ion beam. Slots of about 300 nm in width and 10-20 μm in length are milled right though the waist regions of the tapered optical fibers. Details on the fabrication steeps necessary to ensure high optical transmission though the fiber post processing are included. Fiber transmissions of over 80% over a broad range of wavelengths, in the 700-11100 nm range, are attainable. We also present simulation results on the impact of varying the slot parameters on the trap depths achievable and milling multiple traps within a single tapered fiber. This work demonstrates even further the functionality of optical micro- and nanofibers as trapping devices across a range of regimes.