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Optical Fiber Communication Conference

Optical Nanofiber Technologies for Single Photon Generation

K. Hakuta

Published Jan 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical nanofiber technologies are discussed for both bare nanofibers and cavity created nanofibers. Emphasis is on the single-photon channeling into the fiber guided modes with a hybrid system of an optical-nanofiber and a single quantum-emitter.
DOI
10.1364/ofc.2018.m4f.1

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This thesis presents single photon generation and spectroscopy using quantum dots (q-dots) on optical nanofibers. Optical nanofibers are essentially vacuum-clad silica fibers with sub-wavelength diameter, which can support only the propagation of the fundamental mode through the guided mode. Optical nanofibers are realized using adiabatically tapered single mode optical fibers. Experiments were performed by depositing colloidal core-shell type CdSeTe (ZnS) q-dots on the optical nanofiber surface. A method is developed to deposit single q-dots systematically and reproducibly along the optical nanofiber. In the view point of investigation of fluorescence photon emission characteristics for single q-dots on optical nanofibers, the absolute fluorescence photon-count rates channeled into the nanofiber guided modes and the normalized photon correlations at various excitation laser intensities are measured. The results are able to obtain the product between the fluorescence photon channeling efficiency and the quantum efficiency of the single q-dots. However, the channeling efficiency cannot be determined without accurate information on the quantum efficiency of the single q-dots. Therefore, a method is devised to determine the channeling of fluorescence photons from single q-dots into the guided modes by measuring the fluorescence photon-count rates through the guided and radiation modes simultaneously. By measuring for various nanofiber diameters, a maximum channeling efficiency obtained to be 22.0 (±4.8)% at a fiber diameter of 350 nm for an emission wavelength of 780 nm. The measured results completely reproduce the theoretical predictions within the experimental error. We demonstrate in situ measurements of fluorescence quantum efficiency of single q-dots using the present nanofiber technique. We determine fluorescence quantum efficiency of single q-dots accurately by assuming the theoretical values for the channeling efficiency from the product of the channeling efficiency and the quantum efficiency. We demonstrate that one can pick up one q-dot on the nanofiber with fluorescence quantum efficiency higher than the average value measured for an ensemble. Thus, the optical nanofiber method offers a promising way for generating and manipulating single photons. This work should provide a basis for extending the optical nanofiber method to a general technique in quantum optics, which may open new possibilities in quantum information technologies.
A tapered optical fiber with subwavelength diameter waist, an optical nanofiber, provides a unique and all-fiber platform for manipulating atoms and photons. This paper presents some recent results towards quantum photonics on a nanofiber platform. In one direction, we demonstrate a quantum interface between trapped single atoms and fiber-guided photons using a nanofiber cavity. In the other direction, we demonstrate a polarized fiber-in-line quantum light source using a hybrid system of a single gold nanorod and single quantum dot deposited on a nanofiber.
Optical interfaces for quantum emitters are a prerequisite for implementing quantum networks. Here, we couple single molecules to the guided modes of an optical nanofiber. The molecules are embedded within a crystal that provides photostability and, due to the inhomogeneous broadening, a means to spectrally address single molecules. Single molecules are excited and detected solely via the nanofiber interface without the requirement of additional optical access. In this way, we realize a fully fiber-integrated system that is scalable and may become a versatile constituent for quantum hybrid systems.