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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Optical Tomograms of Multiple-Photon-Added Gaussian States via the Intermediate State Representation Theory

Xiang‐Gao Meng, Ji‐Suo Wang, Bao‐Long Liang, Chuan-Xun Du

Published Sep 1, 2018• 9 citations

Abstract

Optical tomogram of a quantum state can serve as an alternative to its density matrix since it contains all the information on this state. In this paper we use the explicit expression of the intermediate state | q, f , g〉(that is, an eigenvector of the coordinate and momentum operator fQ + gP ) and the Radon transform between the Wigner operator Δ(p, q) and the pure-state density operator | q, f, g 〉〈 q, f, g | to calculate the specific tomograms for multiple-photon-added coherent states (MPACSs), thermal states (MPATSs) and displaced thermal states (MPADTSs). Their analytical tomograms are actually the finite-summation representations related to single-variable Hermite polynomials. Besides, the numerical results indicate that the larger photon-addition number can lead to the multi-peak tomographic distributions for these three states, and the measurable tomograms of MPACSs and MPADTSs exhibit π-periodic features but MPATSs can’t.

DOI: 10.1134/s1063776118080113

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Optical tomogram of a quantum state can serve as an alternative to its density matrix since it contains all the information on this state. In this paper we use the explicit expression of the intermediate state | q, f , g〉(that is, an eigenvector of the coordinate and momentum operator fQ + gP ) and the Radon transform between the Wigner operator Δ(p, q) and the pure-state density operator | q, f, g 〉〈 q, f, g | to calculate the specific tomograms for multiple-photon-added coherent states (MPACSs), thermal states (MPATSs) and displaced thermal states (MPADTSs). Their analytical tomograms are actually the finite-summation representations related to single-variable Hermite polynomials. Besides, the numerical results indicate that the larger photon-addition number can lead to the multi-peak tomographic distributions for these three states, and the measurable tomograms of MPACSs and MPADTSs exhibit π-periodic features but MPATSs can’t.

We show that for tomographic approach there exist two mutual conjugate quantum states | p ,σ,τ⟩ and | x ,μ,ν⟩ (named the intermediate coordinate-momentum representation), and the two Radon transforms of the Wigner operator are just the pure-state density matrices | p ⟩ σ,τσ,τ ⟨ p | and | x ⟩ λ,νλ,ν ⟨ x | respectively. As a result, the tomogram of quantum states can be considered as the module-square of the states' wave function in these two representations. Throughout the paper we fully employ the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators. In this way we establish a new convenient formalism of quantum tomogram.

By searching for Q- and P-ordering form of the coordinate-momentum intermediate representation |x⟩λ,νλ,ν⟨x| (formed by the eigenvector of λQ+νP with eigenvalue being x, Q,P=iħ), and noting that |x⟩λ,νλ,ν⟨x|=δ(x-λQ-νP) is just the Radon transformation of the Wigner operator, we find new relationship between a quantum state ψ’s tomogram and its wave function in coordinate (or momentum) representation, i.e. the tomogram can be split into two parts, one is ψq’s Gaussian integration transformation with the parameter ν and another is ψ∗p’s Gaussian integration transformation with the parameter λ. In this way, the quantum tomogram of number state is conveniently deduced. We also derive Radon transform of δ(p-P)δ(q-Q) and δ(q-Q)δ(p-P), which can be either viewed as P- and Q-ordered operator correspondence of the classical function δ(x-λq-νp).

In this paper, we propose a class of the generalized photon-added coherent states (GPACSs) obtained by repeatedly operating the combination of Bosonic creation and annihilation operatoes on the coherent state. The normalization factor of GPACS is related to Hermite polynomial. We also derive the explicit expressions of its statistical properties such as photocount distribution, Wigner function and tomogram and investigate their behaviour as the photon-added number varies graphically. It is found that GPACS is a kind of nonclassical state since Wigner function exhibits the negativity by increasing the photon-added number.