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Journal of Modern Optics

New relationship between quantum state’s tomogram and its wave function

Ji‐Suo Wang, Xiang‐Gao Meng, Hong-Yi Fan

Published Feb 13, 2017• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By searching for Q- and P-ordering form of the coordinate-momentum intermediate representation |x⟩λ,νλ,ν⟨x| (formed by the eigenvector of λQ+νP with eigenvalue being x, Q,P=iħ), and noting that |x⟩λ,νλ,ν⟨x|=δ(x-λQ-νP) is just the Radon transformation of the Wigner operator, we find new relationship between a quantum state ψ’s tomogram and its wave function in coordinate (or momentum) representation, i.e. the tomogram can be split into two parts, one is ψq’s Gaussian integration transformation with the parameter ν and another is ψ∗p’s Gaussian integration transformation with the parameter λ. In this way, the quantum tomogram of number state is conveniently deduced. We also derive Radon transform of δ(p-P)δ(q-Q) and δ(q-Q)δ(p-P), which can be either viewed as P- and Q-ordered operator correspondence of the classical function δ(x-λq-νp).

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2017.1288839

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By searching for Q- and P-ordering form of the coordinate-momentum intermediate representation |x⟩λ,νλ,ν⟨x| (formed by the eigenvector of λQ+νP with eigenvalue being x, Q,P=iħ), and noting that |x⟩λ,νλ,ν⟨x|=δ(x-λQ-νP) is just the Radon transformation of the Wigner operator, we find new relationship between a quantum state ψ’s tomogram and its wave function in coordinate (or momentum) representation, i.e. the tomogram can be split into two parts, one is ψq’s Gaussian integration transformation with the parameter ν and another is ψ∗p’s Gaussian integration transformation with the parameter λ. In this way, the quantum tomogram of number state is conveniently deduced. We also derive Radon transform of δ(p-P)δ(q-Q) and δ(q-Q)δ(p-P), which can be either viewed as P- and Q-ordered operator correspondence of the classical function δ(x-λq-νp).
We show that for tomographic approach there exist two mutual conjugate quantum states | p ,σ,τ⟩ and | x ,μ,ν⟩ (named the intermediate coordinate-momentum representation), and the two Radon transforms of the Wigner operator are just the pure-state density matrices | p ⟩ σ,τσ,τ ⟨ p | and | x ⟩ λ,νλ,ν ⟨ x | respectively. As a result, the tomogram of quantum states can be considered as the module-square of the states' wave function in these two representations. Throughout the paper we fully employ the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators. In this way we establish a new convenient formalism of quantum tomogram.
Using the normally ordered Gaussian form of the Wigner operator we recapitulate the quantum phase space representation, we derive a new formula for searching for the classical correspondence of quantum mechanical operators; we also show that if there exists the eigenvector |q⟩ λ,ν of linear combination of the coordinate and momentum operator, (λQ + νP), where λ, ν are real numbers, and |q⟩ λν is complete, then the projector |q⟩ λν ⟨q| must be the Radon transform of Wigner operator. This approach seems concise and physical appealing.
Using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators, we reveal that a new quantum mechanical representation |x,µ,ν exists, the eigenvector of operator µQ + νP (linear combination of coordinate Q and momentum P) with eigenvalue x, which is inherent to the two-parameter (µ,ν) Radon transformation of the Wigner operator. It turns out that the projection operator |x,µ,νx,µ,ν| is just the Radon transformation of the Wigner operator. The inverse of operator Radon transformation is also derived which indicates tomography in operator version.
The formulation of region operators named by D. Ellinas and A. J. Bracken [Phys. Rev. A 78, 052106 (2008)], which appears as the phase-space integration corresponding to the straight line over the Wigner operator, is manifestly improved and generalized. By virtue of the technique of integration within ordered (both normally ordered and Weyl ordered) product of operators, we show that the integration involved in the generalized region operator can be directly carried through to completion that leads to the explicit pure-state density operator |u⟩λ,τλ,τ⟨u|, where |u⟩λ,τ makes up the coordinate-momentum intermediate representation. This directly results in that the tomogram of a quantum state |ψ⟩ is just proportional to |⟨u|ψ⟩λ,τ|2, where ⟨u|ψ⟩λ,τ is the wave function of |ψ⟩ in the coordinate-momentum intermediate representation.