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Modern Physics Letters B

QUANTUM PHASE SPACE THEORY BASED ON INTERMEDIATE COORDINATE-MOMENTUM REPRESENTATION

Hong-Yi Fan, Qin Guo

Published Nov 20, 2007• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Through the Radon transformation of the normally ordered Wigner operator we introduce two mutually conjugate intermediate coordinate-momentum representations. Based on them we construct the appropriate quantum phase space theory which includes the new Wigner operator adapting to this space. We find that the new Wigner function's marginal distribution for a state |Ψ〉 is just the quantum tomogram of the state |Ψ〉.

DOI
10.1142/s0217984907014243

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Through the Radon transformation of the normally ordered Wigner operator we introduce two mutually conjugate intermediate coordinate-momentum representations. Based on them we construct the appropriate quantum phase space theory which includes the new Wigner operator adapting to this space. We find that the new Wigner function's marginal distribution for a state |Ψ〉 is just the quantum tomogram of the state |Ψ〉.
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We show that for tomographic approach there exist two mutual conjugate quantum states | p ,σ,τ⟩ and | x ,μ,ν⟩ (named the intermediate coordinate-momentum representation), and the two Radon transforms of the Wigner operator are just the pure-state density matrices | p ⟩ σ,τσ,τ ⟨ p | and | x ⟩ λ,νλ,ν ⟨ x | respectively. As a result, the tomogram of quantum states can be considered as the module-square of the states' wave function in these two representations. Throughout the paper we fully employ the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators. In this way we establish a new convenient formalism of quantum tomogram.
Using the normally ordered Gaussian form of the Wigner operator we recapitulate the quantum phase space representation, we derive a new formula for searching for the classical correspondence of quantum mechanical operators; we also show that if there exists the eigenvector |q⟩ λ,ν of linear combination of the coordinate and momentum operator, (λQ + νP), where λ, ν are real numbers, and |q⟩ λν is complete, then the projector |q⟩ λν ⟨q| must be the Radon transform of Wigner operator. This approach seems concise and physical appealing.
Using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators, we reveal that a new quantum mechanical representation |x,µ,ν exists, the eigenvector of operator µQ + νP (linear combination of coordinate Q and momentum P) with eigenvalue x, which is inherent to the two-parameter (µ,ν) Radon transformation of the Wigner operator. It turns out that the projection operator |x,µ,νx,µ,ν| is just the Radon transformation of the Wigner operator. The inverse of operator Radon transformation is also derived which indicates tomography in operator version.
We present a new formulation of conventional quantum mechanics, in which the notion of a quantum state is identified via a fair probability distribution of the position measured in a reference frame of the phase space with rotated axes. In this formulation, the quantum evolution equation as well as the equation for finding energy levels are expressed as linear equations for the probability distributions that determine the quantum states. We also give the integral transforms relating the probability distribution (called the tomographic-probability distribution or the state tomogram) to the density matrix and the Wigner function and discuss their connection with the Radon transform. Qudit states are considered and the invertible map of the state density operators onto the probability vectors is discussed. The tomographic entropies and entropic uncertainty relations are reviewed. We demonstrate the uncertainty relations for the position and momentum and the entropic uncertainty relations in the tomographic-probability representation, which is suitable for an experimental check of the uncertainty relations.