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Journal of Advances in Applied & Computational Mathematics

Quantum Games Based Communication Protocols

Omar Gustavo Zabaleta, Constancio Miguel Arizmendi

Published Dec 31, 2017• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Medium access control (MAC) and efficient spectrum allocation function particularly, are real challenges that wireless communications are facing nowadays and Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA), enhanced with quantum computation techniques, is the most promising alternative. In such a context, we capitalize quantum games and quantum decisions strengths to design protocols that make classic communications more efficient. That is, we focus on protocols running on quantum devices whose input and output signals are classic. In this work we propose a quantum media access control (QMAC) that allows dynamic and fair spectrum allocation. Particularly, we point to two of the main DSA functions, which are Spectrum Sharing and Spectrum Allocation.

DOI
10.15377/2409-5761.2017.04.6

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Medium access control (MAC) and efficient spectrum allocation function particularly, are real challenges that wireless communications are facing nowadays and Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA), enhanced with quantum computation techniques, is the most promising alternative. In such a context, we capitalize quantum games and quantum decisions strengths to design protocols that make classic communications more efficient. That is, we focus on protocols running on quantum devices whose input and output signals are classic. In this work we propose a quantum media access control (QMAC) that allows dynamic and fair spectrum allocation. Particularly, we point to two of the main DSA functions, which are Spectrum Sharing and Spectrum Allocation.
In this work, a novel medium access control method for classical and quantum communications purposes is proposed. Quantum communications promise secure ways to send valuable information, therefore quantum-device network and quantum medium access control methods which avoids information loss will be necessary. On the other hand, excessive colliding transmissions in congested situations are a problem for classical wireless communications. Quantum parallelism and quantum multipartite entanglement are exploited to design a MAC sub layer which provides the devices a fair and efficient access to the channel.
In order to analyze the power control problem, the wireless quantum network nodes are modeled as players at a quantum game. The power control problem is one of the most significant wireless communications challenges which characteristics make it proper to be modeled by means of game theory techniques. The problem results in non-cooperative game by nature, but, under quantum rules, a larger strategy space leads the players to choose a coalition strategy as the best option. Thus, the use of quantum game strategies makes possible the emergence of new equilibrium, which guarantees the best possible performance to the whole network. We show also that the whole network power consumption decreases when the intrinsic parallel behavior of quantum computation is capitalized. Moreover, the design of efficient medium access control algorithms is possible.
Quantum mechanics has been around since the early 1900s and computers made their first appearance in the late 1930s. In the decades after that, the two came together to bring about quantum computing. A sub field of quantum computing is quantum communications, the ability to transmit a quantum state from one place to another. This communication takes place between two entities. Communication over a classic network involves many entities each vying for network time. This is done through various network protocols, one of them being Medium Access Control (MAC). Although quantum computing is currently a one-to-one medium, it's properties can be used to assist the MAC protocol to enhance it's current abilities. In this thesis, we propose two different quantum communication assisted MAC protocols to achieve shared communication over a classic network. These protocols are based on quantum entanglement principles and contention-free collision avoidance algorithms.
Cognitive self-organizing networks (CSONs) have emerged as a promising approach to address the spectrum scarcity problem in wireless communications. These networks rely on cognitive radios (CRs) that can dynamically adapt their transmission parameters and spectrum access strategies based on environmental conditions and available resources. However, efficient spectrum-sharing mechanisms are essential to exploit the potential of CSONs and maximize spectrum utilization fully. This research article proposes a novel framework for quantum-assisted spectrum sharing in CSONs. Leveraging the principles of quantum computing and quantum communication, proposed framework aims to overcome the limitations of classical spectrum-sharing approaches and provide enhanced performance in terms of spectrum efficiency, interference mitigation, and security. The proposed framework utilizes quantum superposition and entanglement to enable simultaneous spectrum access by multiple CRs while ensuring interference-free coexistence. By encoding the spectrum occupancy information of primary users (PUs) into quantum states, CRs can efficiently sense and detect available spectrum opportunities, even in dynamic and highly congested scenarios. Quantum-based spectrum allocation and resource management algorithms are developed to facilitate optimal spectrum utilization and fair sharing among CRs. Furthermore, the inherent characteristics of quantum mechanics, such as non-locality and quantum key distribution, are exploited to enhance the security and privacy of spectrum sharing operations in CSONs. Quantum-resistant cryptographic techniques are incorporated to protect sensitive information and prevent unauthorized access. The study conducts extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed quantum-assisted spectrum sharing framework in various network scenarios. The results demonstrate significant improvements in terms of spectrum utilization, interference management, and security compared to conventional spectrum sharing schemes. The framework shows promise for addressing the challenges associated with spectrum scarcity and enabling efficient spectrum sharing in CSONs. Overall, this research article contributes to the emerging field of quantum-assisted communication systems and provides valuable insights into the application of quantum computing principles in the design of cognitive self-organizing networks.
Classical game theory is a powerful tool focusing on optimized resource distribution, allocation, and sharing in classical wired and wireless networks. As quantum networks are emerging as a means of providing true connectivity between quantum computers, it is imperative and crucial to exploit game theory for addressing challenges such as entanglement distribution and access, routing, topology extraction, and inference. Quantum networks provide the promising opportunity of employing quantum games owing to their inherent capability of generating and sharing quantum states. In addition, quantum games offer enhanced payoffs and winning probabilities, new strategies, and equilibria, which are unimaginable in classical games. Employing quantum game theory to solve fundamental challenges in quantum networks opens a new fundamental research direction necessitating inter-disciplinary efforts. In this article, we introduce a novel game-the-oretical framework for exploiting quantum strategies to solve – as an archetypal example – one of the key functionalities of a quantum network, namely, entanglement distribution. We compare quantum strategies with classical ones by showing the quantum advantages in terms of link fidelity improvement and latency decrease in communication. In the future, we will generalize our game framework to optimize entanglement distribution and access over any quantum network topology. We will also explore how quantum games can be leveraged to address other challenges like routing, optimization of quantum operations, and topology design.
Medium access control (MAC) is an important part of wireless telecommunication systems. The main goal of a MAC protocol is to provide the best usage of the common resources for the users. One of these resources is typically the communication channel. By quantum informatics and computation - that gain more and more attention - some calculations and algorithms may become more efficient. The possible implementation of a quantum based system would lead us to great benefits, by applying it to an already existing problem. We give a model for medium access control via quantum methods