Cognitive self-organizing networks (CSONs) have emerged as a promising approach to address the spectrum scarcity problem in wireless communications. These networks rely on cognitive radios (CRs) that can dynamically adapt their transmission parameters and spectrum access strategies based on environmental conditions and available resources. However, efficient spectrum-sharing mechanisms are essential to exploit the potential of CSONs and maximize spectrum utilization fully. This research article proposes a novel framework for quantum-assisted spectrum sharing in CSONs. Leveraging the principles of quantum computing and quantum communication, proposed framework aims to overcome the limitations of classical spectrum-sharing approaches and provide enhanced performance in terms of spectrum efficiency, interference mitigation, and security. The proposed framework utilizes quantum superposition and entanglement to enable simultaneous spectrum access by multiple CRs while ensuring interference-free coexistence. By encoding the spectrum occupancy information of primary users (PUs) into quantum states, CRs can efficiently sense and detect available spectrum opportunities, even in dynamic and highly congested scenarios. Quantum-based spectrum allocation and resource management algorithms are developed to facilitate optimal spectrum utilization and fair sharing among CRs. Furthermore, the inherent characteristics of quantum mechanics, such as non-locality and quantum key distribution, are exploited to enhance the security and privacy of spectrum sharing operations in CSONs. Quantum-resistant cryptographic techniques are incorporated to protect sensitive information and prevent unauthorized access. The study conducts extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed quantum-assisted spectrum sharing framework in various network scenarios. The results demonstrate significant improvements in terms of spectrum utilization, interference management, and security compared to conventional spectrum sharing schemes. The framework shows promise for addressing the challenges associated with spectrum scarcity and enabling efficient spectrum sharing in CSONs. Overall, this research article contributes to the emerging field of quantum-assisted communication systems and provides valuable insights into the application of quantum computing principles in the design of cognitive self-organizing networks.
Cognitive self-organizing networks (CSONs) have emerged as a promising approach to address the spectrum scarcity problem in wireless communications. These networks rely on cognitive radios (CRs) that can dynamically adapt their transmission parameters and spectrum access strategies based on environmental conditions and available resources. However, efficient spectrum-sharing mechanisms are essential to exploit the potential of CSONs and maximize spectrum utilization fully. This research article proposes a novel framework for quantum-assisted spectrum sharing in CSONs. Leveraging the principles of quantum computing and quantum communication, proposed framework aims to overcome the limitations of classical spectrum-sharing approaches and provide enhanced performance in terms of spectrum efficiency, interference mitigation, and security. The proposed framework utilizes quantum superposition and entanglement to enable simultaneous spectrum access by multiple CRs while ensuring interference-free coexistence. By encoding the spectrum occupancy information of primary users (PUs) into quantum states, CRs can efficiently sense and detect available spectrum opportunities, even in dynamic and highly congested scenarios. Quantum-based spectrum allocation and resource management algorithms are developed to facilitate optimal spectrum utilization and fair sharing among CRs. Furthermore, the inherent characteristics of quantum mechanics, such as non-locality and quantum key distribution, are exploited to enhance the security and privacy of spectrum sharing operations in CSONs. Quantum-resistant cryptographic techniques are incorporated to protect sensitive information and prevent unauthorized access. The study conducts extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed quantum-assisted spectrum sharing framework in various network scenarios. The results demonstrate significant improvements in terms of spectrum utilization, interference management, and security compared to conventional spectrum sharing schemes. The framework shows promise for addressing the challenges associated with spectrum scarcity and enabling efficient spectrum sharing in CSONs. Overall, this research article contributes to the emerging field of quantum-assisted communication systems and provides valuable insights into the application of quantum computing principles in the design of cognitive self-organizing networks.
In a wireless system, transmitted electromagnetic waves can propagate in all directions and can be received by other users in the system. The signals received by unintended receivers pose two problems; increased interference causing lower system throughput or successful decoding of the information which removes secrecy of the communication. Radio frequency spectrum is a scarce resource and it is allocated by technologies already in use. As a result, many communication systems use the spectrum opportunistically whenever it is available in cognitive radio setting or use unlicensed bands. Hence, efficient use of spectrum by sharing users is crucial to increase maximize system throughput. In addition, secrecy of a wireless communication system is traditionally provided by computational complexity of cryptography techniques employed. However, cryptography systems depend on either a random secret key generation mechanism or a trusted key distribution system. Recent developments in the wireless communication area provided a solution to both key generation and distribution problem via exploiting randomness of the wireless channel unconditional to the computational complexity. In this dissertation, we propose solutions to the problems discussed. For spectrum sharing, we present a detailed analysis of challenges of efficient spectrum sharing without a central enforcing mechanism, provide insight to already existing power control algorithms and propose a novel non-greedy power allocation algorithm. Numerical simulations show that the proposed algorithm increases system throughput more than greedy algorithms and can use available spectrum to the fullest, yet it is robust to the presence of greedy users. For secrecy, we propose a practical and fast system for random secret key generation and reconciliation. We extend the proposed system to multiple-input-multiple-output systems and increase security via role reversal of the nodes while making it quicker by pre-encoding procedure. Information theory calculation and numerical simulations demonstrates that the proposed system provides a secure channel for legitimate users in the presence of a passive eavesdropper.
Abstract Quantum networks provide both security and faster communication; however, they face critical challenges in terms of dynamic resource allocation and maintaining robust security. Current static allocation methodologies frequently lead to excessive latency and attack vulnerabilities, which restrict performance and scalability. To address these challenges, this article presents a secure and adaptive resource allocation outline for quantum networks, merging quantum-enhanced security protocols with real-time optimization. The framework utilizes Quantum Key Distribution - Single Center Method (QKD-SCM) to exchange secure and scalable keys. and the Stochastic Programming and the Cooperative-Qubit-Allocation-Problem (SP-CQAP), which addresses dynamic resource allocations. High-fidelity entangled resources are managed with the Fidelity Maintenance Scheme Based on Prioritized Purification (FMSPP), and congestion is avoided using Self-Adaptive and Content-Based Scheduling (CACS). The proposed framework was evaluated using NS-3.30.1 and Python 3.7.4, running on Ubuntu 18.4 LTS. In comparison to already-existing methodologies within the segment, the proposed framework demonstrated reduced latency of 20 ms, energy efficiencies of 90%, a quantum key distribution success rate of 90%, and resource utilization equating to 70%. The findings demonstrate the promise of quantum-enhanced wireless communication through dynamic resource allocation for safe, low-latency, and high-performance networking. Removed: security enhancement implied earlier.
Abstract Cognitive radio networks face challenges from malicious users who aim to disrupt decision-making during spectrum sensing and decrease spectrum efficiency. The proposed model seeks to distinguish between the presence and absence of primary user signals using energy detection and also it introduces a quantum-inspired outlier detection mechanism for cognitive radio networks to enhance security and reliability during spectrum sensing by ignoring the identified outliers. It employs BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol and one time pad for secure transmission of secondary user (SU) local decisions to the fusion center (FC), ensuring data integrity and confidentiality. These decisions are transmitted securely establishing a shared secret key between SU and FC and arrives at a global decision. To make the model more robust, we proposed another novel model with a modified BB84 protocol and compared the results of both the models, offering a robust solution for enhancing the reliability and performance of cognitive radio networks with proven results from simulation.
The advent of 6G wireless communication promises improvements in signal coverage, data rates, and latency, addressing increased connectivity demands due to the proliferation of 5G, IoT, and augmented reality. This paper introduces a Quantum-Secured IoT Communication Framework designed for 6G Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) in order to cater to the growing need for dependable and protected connectivity. Noteworthy aspects of this framework encompass dual-layer authentication utilizing Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), secured spectrum access regulations, and efficient beamforming strategies. Moreover, the framework employs a Reinforcement Learning-based Ensemble Regression (RL-ER) model for spectrum sensing and a Multi-Layer Perceptron with Kalman Filter (MLP-KF) for Channel State Information (CSI) prediction. Simulations demonstrate that the framework significantly improves prediction accuracy, encryption and decryption times, and error rates, thereby enhancing IoT network performance with better signal coverage, reduced latency, and robust security.
Quantum networks offer the potential for unparalleled security and information exchange, leveraging the unique properties of quantum entanglement. However, current quantum communication protocols face significant challenges due to the inherent fragility of quantum states and the difficulty of maintaining entanglement over long distances. This paper explores the design of a novel Self-Organizing Quantum Network (SONQN) that utilizes quantum entanglement for enhanced key distribution and communication, aiming to overcome these limitations. We propose a network architecture predicated on the self-organizing nature of entangled particles, focusing on protocols that minimize decoherence and maximize entanglement fidelity. This research delves into the fundamental principles underpinning SONQN, detailing the mechanism of entanglement-driven network formation, focusing on key operational parameters, and exploring potential improvements for scalability and robustness. The core claim is that this network design offers significantly improved efficiency and security compared to existing approaches, paving the way for more reliable quantum communication.
Quantum entanglement, a cornerstone of quantum mechanics, possesses unique properties that present significant challenges for practical implementation. This paper explores the concept of self-organization in quantum systems, focusing on modeling and controlling entanglement to achieve secure key distribution. We propose a novel framework utilizing a dynamically-controlled quantum network based on entanglement self-correlation to facilitate key sharing without the limitations imposed by classical communication channels. The core mechanism centers on leveraging this self-organization to create a robust and scalable protocol for secure quantum communication. This research delves into the mathematical foundations of this self-organization approach and demonstrates its potential for enhancing the security and efficiency of quantum key distribution.