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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Modulation of controlled-not gate using light beams carrying orbital angular momentum in a nonlinear atomic vapor

Yan Zhang, Yuanyuan Li, Yun-Zhe Zhang

Published Mar 1, 2018• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a controlled-not gate with light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) through a degenerate four-wave mixing process via a photonic band gap structure satisfying the phase-matching condition. By employing the different topological charges of a Laguerre-Gaussian beam as a qubit in this nonlinear process, the controlled-not gate with OAM can be realized. Moreover, we investigate the evolution of the controlled-not gate, which can be modulated by the frequency and the power of the incident beam, i.e. , under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions. The study results are useful for applications in quantum communication and information storage.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/121/54001

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We propose and experimentally demonstrate a controlled-not gate with light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) through a degenerate four-wave mixing process via a photonic band gap structure satisfying the phase-matching condition. By employing the different topological charges of a Laguerre-Gaussian beam as a qubit in this nonlinear process, the controlled-not gate with OAM can be realized. Moreover, we investigate the evolution of the controlled-not gate, which can be modulated by the frequency and the power of the incident beam, i.e. , under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions. The study results are useful for applications in quantum communication and information storage.
Abstract By employing the different topological charges of a Laguerre–Gaussian beam as a qubit, we experimentally demonstrate a controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate with light beams carrying orbital angular momentum via a photonic band gap structure in a hot atomic ensemble. Through a degenerate four-wave mixing process, the spatial distribution of the CNOT gate including splitting and spatial shift can be affected by the Kerr nonlinear effect in multilevel atomic systems. Moreover, the intensity variations of the CNOT gate can be controlled by the relative phase modulation. This research can be useful for applications in quantum information processing.
We present an experimental study of controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate through four-wave mixing (FWM) process in a Rubidium vapor cell. A degenerate FWM process in a two level atomic system is directly excited by a single diode laser, where backward pump beam and probe beam are Laguerre Gaussian mode. By means of photons carrying orbital angular momentum, we demonstrate the ability to realize CNOT gate with topological charges transformation in this nonlinear process. The fidelity of CNOT gate for a superposition state with different topological charge reaches about 97% in our experiment.
Abstract We propose a rotation-controlled nonlinear orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) filter based on photonic-band-gap-assisted four-wave mixing (PBG-FWM) in rubidium vapor. The model follows the field convention of PBG-FWM experiments: an OAM probe field E1E_1E1​ is Bragg-reflected through the nonlinear polarization produced with two counterpropagating Gaussian coupling fields E3E_3E3​ and E3′E_3'E3′​, while the generated field is denoted by EFE_FEF​. The coupling pair forms a standing-wave Rabi frequency ∣G3s∣2=∣G3∣2+∣G3′∣2+2G3G3′cos⁡(2k3z)|G_{3s}|^2=|G_3|^2+|G_3'|^2+2G_3G_3'\cos(2k_3z)∣G3s​∣2=∣G3​∣2+∣G3′​∣2+2G3​G3′​cos(2k3​z), which creates the longitudinal PBG modulation and enters the resonant denominator of the third-order susceptibility. Rotation adds an OAM-dependent rotational Doppler shift to the probe and generated FWM modes. In a slow-light PBG-FWM medium this shift is converted into a longitudinal phase-matching perturbation, giving ηm(Ω)=η0sinc2[Δkrot(m)L/2]\eta_m(\Omega)=\eta_0{\rm sinc}^2[\Delta k_{\rm rot}^{(m)}L/2]ηm​(Ω)=η0​sinc2[Δkrot(m)​L/2] in the phase-matching-dominated limit. Rotation can also perturb χ(3)\chi^{(3)}χ(3) through Doppler-shifted detunings, producing envelope and asymmetry corrections. The theory predicts OAM-dependent FWM quenching, the readable petal rotation, and a rotationally tunable OAM cutoff. The results provide a design route for rotation-sensitive structured-light processing in atomic nonlinear media.
Abstract The manipulation of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) contributes to understand the OAM multiplexing, is significant in free-space optical communication and information processing. We theoretically simulate and experimentally demonstrate the regularity of the OAM transfer, including the angular and radial modes, of Laguerre–Gaussian beam via four-wave mixing process in 85Rb vapor. The 420 nm coherent blue light output field inherits the phase characteristic of 780 nm and 776 nm beams with different OAM modes. The output field OAM modes show the transfer as a typical arithmetic operation of the input field OAM modes with equal-handed angular indice l, while, the conversion between angular and radial modes occurs with the opposite angular indice l. Such rules of the OAM transfer and manipulation have implications on the research of high-capacity information transfer and quantum communication.
Abstract The coherent control of orbital angular momentum four-wave mixing (OAM-FWM) signal in a cascaded three-level atomic system by multiple parameters of incident lights is studied. Firstly, based on the Laguerre–Gaussian beam, the expressions for the intensity and phase of the FWM signal loaded with OAM were derived by solving the density matrix equation in the steady state. Then, through coordinate transformation, the spatial distribution construction of the OAM-FWM signal was completed. And the spatial structure of intensity and phase distribution are investigated respectively. It is shown that the Rabi frequency and detuning can effectively control the output OAM-FWM signal. Finally, we further study the phase distribution of multiple topological charge (TC) numbers in the FWM process, considering the conservation of OAM. As a result, the signal can also be regulated by multiple TC numbers. The constructed OAM-FWM signal which has enhanced the information storage capacity, could be widely used in optical communication and quantum information research.
We experimentally generate a vortex beam through a four-wave mixing (FWM) process after satisfying the phase-matching condition in a rubidium atomic vapor cell with a photonic band gap (PBG) structure. The observed FWM vortex can also be viewed as the reflected part of the launched probe vortex from the PBG. Further, we investigate the propagation behaviors, including the spatial shift and splitting of the probe and FWM vortices in the medium with enhanced Kerr nonlinearity induced by electromagnetically induced transparency. This Letter can be useful for better understanding and manipulating the applications involving the interactions between optical vortices and the medium.