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Physics of Wave Phenomena

Manipulation of Coherent Optical Phenomena and the Generation of Orbital Angular Momentum-Based Four-Wave Mixing Signal Using Structured Light

Samim Akhtar, Jayanta K. Saha, Md. Mabud Hossain

Published Aug 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We study various coherent optical properties, e.g., two-photon electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption (TPEIT/TPEIA), in a four-level ladder (Ξ)-type system of 87Rb atoms, where the probe and control fields are Gaussian-shaped laser beams and the pump field is structured laser beam. Additionally, the generated four-wave mixing (FWM) signal has been studied. Interestingly, it is found that the generated FWM signal is spatially structured along with the azimuthal phase, which carries the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light. It is also observed that the coherent optical responses (EIT, TPEIT/TPEIA, and FWM signals) can be manipulated by utilizing the OAM number of the pump beam as a control knob.

DOI
10.3103/s1541308x25600242

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We propose a scheme to generate structured light using a medium consisting of semiconductor quantum dots via four-wave mixing (FWM). We consider a four-level quantum-dot structure where two strong electromagnetic fields couple upper-level biexciton transitions, whereas a weak field is applied to one of the ground-level exciton transitions. A weak signal field is generated, corresponding to a second ground-level exciton transition; thus the overall configuration transforms into a closed-loop diamond-type shape. To realize a spatially dependent modulating quantum-dot medium, we consider strong coupling fields as structured lights and investigate different regions of spatially structured electromagnetically induced transparency via absorption of the generated signal field. The azimuthal phase-dependent modulation of the absorption profile of the generated signal field is the key factor behind the creation of structured light. In addition, we also demonstrate transfer of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the control beam to the generated beam through the FWM process and study the effect of phase mismatch on efficiency of the OAM transfer.
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Abstract We present an azimuthal phase-dependent scheme to study the spatially dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and the generation of spatial light in a closed-loop four-level Y-type system. A structured control beam and a microwave (MW) field are adopted in the closed-loop structure. Interestingly, the weak non-vortex probe beam responses explicitly depend on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the control beam along with the MW-assisted quantum interference. The regions of spatially dependent EIT are demonstrated at different azimuthal angles. It is found that the intensity of the structured control beam and the relative phase arising out of the beams participating in the closed-loop can be used as the controlling knobs to tailor the shape and the angular location of the spatially dependent EIT.
We have studied nonlinear quantum optical effects in a doubly driven four-level atomic system in a homogeneously broadened regime. On application of two strong fields the system can be made to display double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) because of constructive quantum interference giving rise to nonlinear absorption at three-photon resonance condition. This fact may be used to obtain other phenomena like the effect of photon switching in a pulsed regime and large cross phase modulation (XPM) effect. We also show that the behaviour of spatial modulation of transparency of the weak probe beam in a three-level system interacted with a strong standing wave pump field can be dramatically changed in our four-level ladder type system. Here, strong coupling field acting on the uppermost transition is represented by a standing wave whereas strong pump and weak probe fields acting successively on the lower transitions are represented by travelling waves. The effect of double EIT on nonlinear light generation based on the four-wave-mixing (FWM) technique is also investigated. We have examined that the four wave mixing efficiency can be effectively controlled by varying the strength of the pump field.