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IEEE East-West Design & Test Symposium (EWDTS)

Comparative analysis of single-photon synchronization algorithms in the quantum key distribution system

Anton Pavlovich Pljonkin, Konstantin E. Rumyantsev, Рудинский Евгений Андреевич

Published Sep 1, 2017• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The time and probability parameters of the two-stage synchronization algorithm for the autocompensation quantum key distribution (QKD) systems and the analogous algorithm, implying the division of the time frame into time windows, are investigated. A comparative analysis of the parameters of synchronization algorithms is carried out and recommendations for their application for short and long fiber-optic communication lines are presented. The work also shows the methods of calculating the mean synchronization time of the QKD stations according to the above algorithms.

DOI
10.1109/ewdts.2017.8110047

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The time and probability parameters of the two-stage synchronization algorithm for the autocompensation quantum key distribution (QKD) systems and the analogous algorithm, implying the division of the time frame into time windows, are investigated. A comparative analysis of the parameters of synchronization algorithms is carried out and recommendations for their application for short and long fiber-optic communication lines are presented. The work also shows the methods of calculating the mean synchronization time of the QKD stations according to the above algorithms.
A two-stage synchronization algorithm is formulated for the system of quantum key distribution (QKD) with a division of a fiber-optic communication line (FOCL) into sections with decreasing length. The analysis of the parameters of the proposed algorithm is carried out. Formulas are defined for calculating the time spent on the synchronization process both for the case of a successful testing and for a testing error. An estimate is given of the analysis time of a FOCL section, where the synchronization of the stations of the QKD system is not ensured within the allowable time. The probabilistic characteristics of a two-stage time algorithm of synchronization are established at the absence of a priori information about the distance between stations.
The relevance of the development and modernization of synchronization algorithms, which reduce the synchronization time of the quantum key distribution (QKD) system, while maintaining enhanced security against unauthorized access, is noted. The synchronization algorithm is described, where, to increase security from unauthorized access, quantum pulses are used as synchronizing signals. A quantitative assessment of the influence of the dispersion properties of a fiber-optic line on the efficiency of the two-stage single-photon synchronization algorithm of the autocompensation QKD system is given.
In this paper, offered a new method of synchronization of the transmitting/receiving and coding stations of autocompensation two-pass quantum key distribution system with phase coding states of photons. This method is based on the use of photonic pulses, which can improve the security level of a synchronization process of quantum key distribution systems. This sync method does not include the division of time frames at the time windows and has a high operating speed. In this paper were synthesized the formulas for calculating the probability characteristics and the parameters of the synchronization process.
In this article we describe the graph-analytical method for estimating single-photon synchronization parameters of an auto-compensation quantum key distribution system. In this paper is formed and described diagram of states and transitions for random search for a photon pulse with allowance for false detection. Based on the results of the analysis, expressions are defined for calculating the mathematical expectation, dispersion and average number of steps spent on the synchronization process. The interval for the average number of steps used for the synchronization process is determined. The average synchronization time according to the proposed algorithm is estimated considering the probability of false alarm. The calculations showed that the error in determining the mean synchronization time according to the expressions is no more than 1.7%. Thus, the graph-analytic method for estimating the single-photon synchronization parameters of the QKD auto-compensation system allows to determine the statistical characteristics and the average synchronization time with a low error.
The synchronization subsystem is investigated for the quantum key distribution (QKD), where photon pulses are used as sync signals. The analyzed two-stage synchronization algorithm is based on the fact that the pulse-repetition period and the duration of the optical sync signals are known. Analytical expressions are obtained that establish the functional relationship between the energy parameters and probability characteristics of the single-photon synchronization subsystem, and the parameters of an optical fiber, a transmitting optical module, and a single-photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD). The requirements for the choice of the steps number in the search stage and the allowable tests number that guarantee the maximum length of the communication line are formulated. It is shown that for actually used single-photon avalanche photodiodes, the length of the fiber-optic line is limited due to the frequency of generation of dark current pulses (DCP)by a value of 51 km with a synchronization error probability of 0.05.
Abstract The analysis of time and probabilistic characteristics is carried out for a two-stage synchronization algorithm in a quantum key distribution (QKD) system with automatic compensation of polarization distortions. Formulas are obtained for calculating the missing probabilities a signal pair of windows, false alarm and successful synchronization. The dependences of the missing probability a signal pair on the average number of photons and noise pulses are investigated during the analysis of a pair of windows for different threshold levels. The numerical material obtained in the course of the study indicates the possibility of using for express calculations the probability of detecting a signal pair of windows formulas oriented to the normal distribution of the number of recorded pulses at the output of a single-photon avalanche photodiode.