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International Conference on Multimedia and Image Processing (ICMIP)

Time Synchronization Method in Quantum Key Distribution System with Automatic Compensation of Polarization Distortions

Konstantin E. Rumyantsev, Рудинский Евгений Андреевич

Published Mar 1, 2017• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, offered a new method of synchronization of the transmitting/receiving and coding stations of autocompensation two-pass quantum key distribution system with phase coding states of photons. This method is based on the use of photonic pulses, which can improve the security level of a synchronization process of quantum key distribution systems. This sync method does not include the division of time frames at the time windows and has a high operating speed. In this paper were synthesized the formulas for calculating the probability characteristics and the parameters of the synchronization process.

DOI
10.1109/icmip.2017.68

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In this paper, offered a new method of synchronization of the transmitting/receiving and coding stations of autocompensation two-pass quantum key distribution system with phase coding states of photons. This method is based on the use of photonic pulses, which can improve the security level of a synchronization process of quantum key distribution systems. This sync method does not include the division of time frames at the time windows and has a high operating speed. In this paper were synthesized the formulas for calculating the probability characteristics and the parameters of the synchronization process.
In the description of quantum key distribution systems, much attention is paid to the operation of quantum cryptography protocols. The main problem is the insufficient study of the synchronization process of quantum key distribution systems. This paper contains a general description of quantum cryptography principles. A two-line fiber-optic quantum key distribution system with phase coding of photon states in transceiver and coding station synchronization mode was examined. A quantum key distribution system was built on the basis of the scheme with automatic compensation of polarization mode distortions. Single-photon avalanche diodes were used as optical radiation detecting devices. It was estimated how the parameters used in quantum key distribution systems of optical detectors affect the detection of the time frame with attenuated optical pulse in synchronization mode with respect to its probabilistic and time-domain characteristics. A design method was given for the process that detects the time frame that includes an optical pulse during synchronization. This paper describes the main quantum communication channel attack methods by removing a portion of optical emission. This paper describes the developed synchronization algorithm that takes into account the time required to restore the photodetector’s operation state after the photon has been registered during synchronization. The computer simulation results of the developed synchronization algorithm were analyzed. The efficiency of the developed algorithm with respect to synchronization process protection from unauthorized gathering of optical emission is demonstrated herein.
The synchronization a two pass self-compensation quantum key distribution system (QKDS) with phase-encoded photon states are reviewed. A modified algorithm for synchronizing a two pass self-compensation QKDS with phase-encoded photon states was proposed. The first is the emphasis on the implementation in the single-photon mode which improves the synchronization mode security. The second peculiarity is that in case the number of accumulated impulses in two adjacent time windows is equal, it is decided to receive a photon impulse by any of these windows, if the number of accumulated impulses exceeds the number of measured dark current pulses (DCP) in the rest of the windows. In the known algorithm in such a case both windows were taken as noise which was the reason of the signal window skip. An analytical expression for the correct detection probability calculation of the photon impulse receipt in the algorithm proposed for the sync initialization of the QKDS.
The two pass auto compensation quantum key distribution system (QKDS) with phase-encoded states of photons in synchronization mode are studied. The algorithm of synchronization QKDS, presupposing the division of the repetition period of the optical pulses on the time windows and the detection of the signal window are offered. The peculiarity of the algorithm is that it is implemented in the single-photon mode, increasing the security of synchronization mode. The second feature of the algorithm is that when equal numbers of accumulated pulses in two adjacent time windows, a decision for admission photon pulse in any of the windows, if the number of accumulated pulses in it exceeds the number of detected pulses in the other windows. In a certain algorithm in this case, both windows were “noises” that was the reason for missing the signal window. Modeling algorithm found that when the number of time windows from 2 to 1024, the difference of the limiting values of the probability does not exceed 3.34%. The requirements with respect to the duration of the time window and the photon momentum are formulated. It is shown that increasing the number of time windows from 2 to 1024 implies reducing the probability of less than 2% while maintaining the time of uncertainty in relation of emergence the photon pulse 512 times. An analytical expression for the calculation of the probability of correct detection of the signal time window in the proposed synchronization algorithm QKDS.
Abstract The analysis of time and probabilistic characteristics is carried out for a two-stage synchronization algorithm in a quantum key distribution (QKD) system with automatic compensation of polarization distortions. Formulas are obtained for calculating the missing probabilities a signal pair of windows, false alarm and successful synchronization. The dependences of the missing probability a signal pair on the average number of photons and noise pulses are investigated during the analysis of a pair of windows for different threshold levels. The numerical material obtained in the course of the study indicates the possibility of using for express calculations the probability of detecting a signal pair of windows formulas oriented to the normal distribution of the number of recorded pulses at the output of a single-photon avalanche photodiode.
The time and probability parameters of the two-stage synchronization algorithm for the autocompensation quantum key distribution (QKD) systems and the analogous algorithm, implying the division of the time frame into time windows, are investigated. A comparative analysis of the parameters of synchronization algorithms is carried out and recommendations for their application for short and long fiber-optic communication lines are presented. The work also shows the methods of calculating the mean synchronization time of the QKD stations according to the above algorithms.
A two-pass auto-compensation fiber-optic quantum key distribution system (QKDS) with phase-encoded photon states in synchronization mode has been investigated. Preliminary stage sync initialization algorithm of QKDS that requires impulse-repetition period division into time windows as well as signal time window detection has been proposed. The peculiarity of the algorithm being investigated is that it is implemented in the single-photon mode which improves the synchronization mode security. The second peculiarity is that in case the number of accumulated impulses in two adjacent time windows is equal, it is decided to receive a photon impulse by any of these windows, if the number of accumulated impulses exceeds the number of registered impulses in the rest of the windows. Algorithm modeling has discovered that when the number of time windows is changed from 2 to 100000 probabilities limit values difference does not exceed 0.5 %. Requirements of time window duration ratio to the photon impulse have been formulated. It has been demonstrated that when the number of time windows is increased from 2 to 1024 the probability reduces by less than 1.5 % in case of time uncertainty decrease in respect to the photon impulse occurrence in 512 times. An analytical expression for computation of a signal time window correct detection probability in the proposed algorithm of the preliminary stage QKDS synchronization.