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International Conference on Computational Techniques in Information and Communication Technologies

Single-photon synchronization mode of quantum key distribution system

Anton Pavlovich Pljonkin, Konstantin E. Rumyantsev

Published Mar 1, 2016• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The synchronization a two pass self-compensation quantum key distribution system (QKDS) with phase-encoded photon states are reviewed. A modified algorithm for synchronizing a two pass self-compensation QKDS with phase-encoded photon states was proposed. The first is the emphasis on the implementation in the single-photon mode which improves the synchronization mode security. The second peculiarity is that in case the number of accumulated impulses in two adjacent time windows is equal, it is decided to receive a photon impulse by any of these windows, if the number of accumulated impulses exceeds the number of measured dark current pulses (DCP) in the rest of the windows. In the known algorithm in such a case both windows were taken as noise which was the reason of the signal window skip. An analytical expression for the correct detection probability calculation of the photon impulse receipt in the algorithm proposed for the sync initialization of the QKDS.

DOI
10.1109/icctict.2016.7514637

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The synchronization a two pass self-compensation quantum key distribution system (QKDS) with phase-encoded photon states are reviewed. A modified algorithm for synchronizing a two pass self-compensation QKDS with phase-encoded photon states was proposed. The first is the emphasis on the implementation in the single-photon mode which improves the synchronization mode security. The second peculiarity is that in case the number of accumulated impulses in two adjacent time windows is equal, it is decided to receive a photon impulse by any of these windows, if the number of accumulated impulses exceeds the number of measured dark current pulses (DCP) in the rest of the windows. In the known algorithm in such a case both windows were taken as noise which was the reason of the signal window skip. An analytical expression for the correct detection probability calculation of the photon impulse receipt in the algorithm proposed for the sync initialization of the QKDS.
The two pass auto compensation quantum key distribution system (QKDS) with phase-encoded states of photons in synchronization mode are studied. The algorithm of synchronization QKDS, presupposing the division of the repetition period of the optical pulses on the time windows and the detection of the signal window are offered. The peculiarity of the algorithm is that it is implemented in the single-photon mode, increasing the security of synchronization mode. The second feature of the algorithm is that when equal numbers of accumulated pulses in two adjacent time windows, a decision for admission photon pulse in any of the windows, if the number of accumulated pulses in it exceeds the number of detected pulses in the other windows. In a certain algorithm in this case, both windows were “noises” that was the reason for missing the signal window. Modeling algorithm found that when the number of time windows from 2 to 1024, the difference of the limiting values of the probability does not exceed 3.34%. The requirements with respect to the duration of the time window and the photon momentum are formulated. It is shown that increasing the number of time windows from 2 to 1024 implies reducing the probability of less than 2% while maintaining the time of uncertainty in relation of emergence the photon pulse 512 times. An analytical expression for the calculation of the probability of correct detection of the signal time window in the proposed synchronization algorithm QKDS.
A two-pass auto-compensation fiber-optic quantum key distribution system (QKDS) with phase-encoded photon states in synchronization mode has been investigated. Preliminary stage sync initialization algorithm of QKDS that requires impulse-repetition period division into time windows as well as signal time window detection has been proposed. The peculiarity of the algorithm being investigated is that it is implemented in the single-photon mode which improves the synchronization mode security. The second peculiarity is that in case the number of accumulated impulses in two adjacent time windows is equal, it is decided to receive a photon impulse by any of these windows, if the number of accumulated impulses exceeds the number of registered impulses in the rest of the windows. Algorithm modeling has discovered that when the number of time windows is changed from 2 to 100000 probabilities limit values difference does not exceed 0.5 %. Requirements of time window duration ratio to the photon impulse have been formulated. It has been demonstrated that when the number of time windows is increased from 2 to 1024 the probability reduces by less than 1.5 % in case of time uncertainty decrease in respect to the photon impulse occurrence in 512 times. An analytical expression for computation of a signal time window correct detection probability in the proposed algorithm of the preliminary stage QKDS synchronization.
The parameters of the two-stage synchronization algorithm for the auto-compensation quantum key distribution (QKD) systems are investigated. The synchronization algorithm does not provide for splitting a frame equal to the period of the optical clock to the time windows. The equipment operates in the search mode for receiving a photon. The equipment goes into test mode when receiving a photon. The reception of a photon in the test mode is possible only during the action of the strobe pulse. The rest of the time the channel does not react to photons and dark current impulses (DCI). The algorithm provides for sequential testing of frames with a stop at registration of the first photon. The algorithm makes a decision about the absence of a signal after a specified number of tests. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to use single-photon avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with a significant time delay between the moments of photon reception and the restoration of APD.
A two-pass fiber-optic quantum key distribution system with phase-encoded photon states in synchronization mode has been investigated. The possibility of applying the analytical expressions for the calculation of the correct detection probability of the signal time window at synchronization has been proved. A modernized algorithm of photon pulse detection, taking into account the dead time of the single-photon avalanche photodiode was proposed. The method of engineering an optical pulse detection process during the synchronization in a quantum key distribution system has been offered.
In this paper, offered a new method of synchronization of the transmitting/receiving and coding stations of autocompensation two-pass quantum key distribution system with phase coding states of photons. This method is based on the use of photonic pulses, which can improve the security level of a synchronization process of quantum key distribution systems. This sync method does not include the division of time frames at the time windows and has a high operating speed. In this paper were synthesized the formulas for calculating the probability characteristics and the parameters of the synchronization process.
The object of this study is a two-pass fiber-optic quantum key distribution system (QKDS) with phase coding states of photons in synchronisation mode. The QKDS is based on a scheme with automatic compensation of polarisation distortions. We use single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPAD) as optical radiation detection devices. We also evaluate the impact of parameters used in QKDS optical radiation detectors on probabilistic and time characteristics of the detected time interval with a weak optical pulse in sync. In this paper, we describe the methodology of the design process to detect a time interval with an optical pulse during synchronisation taking into account the features used in QKDS SPAD. The aim of our work is to evaluate the impact of QKDS changing hardware synchronisation settings on probabilistic and time characteristics of the detection time interval. We describe an algorithm that we have developed to synchronise a QKDS that considers the time to restore the operating state of a photon after registration during synchronisation. For evaluation, we report computer modelling results of the design process to detect a time interval according to the changing parameters applied in SPAD quantum key distribution systems.