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Chinese Optics Letters

Low-pump sum frequency generation of frequency-stabilized 453 nm blue laser for photonic quantum interface

Jian Wang, Yuhao Pan Yuhao Pan, Yunfeng Huang Yunfeng Huang, Chuanfeng Li Chuanfeng Li, Guang-Can Guo

Published Jan 1, 2017• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Generation of a cavity-enhanced nondegenerate narrow-band photon pair source is a potential way to realize a perfect photonic quantum interface for a hybrid quantum network. However, to ensure the high quality of the photon source, the pump laser for the narrow-band photon source should be generated in a special way. Here, we experimentally generate the blue 453 nm laser with a sum frequency generation process in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide. A 13 mW laser at 453 nm can be achieved with a low-power 880 nm laser and 935 nm laser input, and the internal conversion efficiency is 21.6% after calculation. The frequency of a 453 nm laser is stabilized by locking two pump lasers on one ultrastable optical cavity. The single pass process without employing cavity enhancement can ensure a good robustness of the whole system.

DOI
10.3788/col201715.122701

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Generation of a cavity-enhanced nondegenerate narrow-band photon pair source is a potential way to realize a perfect photonic quantum interface for a hybrid quantum network. However, to ensure the high quality of the photon source, the pump laser for the narrow-band photon source should be generated in a special way. Here, we experimentally generate the blue 453 nm laser with a sum frequency generation process in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide. A 13 mW laser at 453 nm can be achieved with a low-power 880 nm laser and 935 nm laser input, and the internal conversion efficiency is 21.6% after calculation. The frequency of a 453 nm laser is stabilized by locking two pump lasers on one ultrastable optical cavity. The single pass process without employing cavity enhancement can ensure a good robustness of the whole system.
We demonstrate the generation of 20.2 W of continuous-wave, low-intensity noise, single-frequency light at 840 nm, obtained via sum-frequency mixing of two high-power infrared fiber laser systems in an MgO-doped periodically poled lithium niobate (ppLN) crystal. Subsequent cavity-enhanced frequency doubling to 420 nm yields an output power of 15.2 W. Respective conversion efficiencies of 48% and 79% are achieved for the sum-frequency and second-harmonic stages, with good beam quality (M 2 < 1.3), low intensity noise (<0.05% RMS [1 kHz–10 MHz]), and long-term continuous operation. Relative intensity noise and frequency noise of the generated signals are experimentally characterized.
The frequency entangled photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) possess wide applications in quantum optics and relevant fields.To facilitate the practical quantum information technologies,particularly in optical fiber links,a frequency entangled source at telecommunication wavelength with features of compactness,portability,high efficiency and miniaturization is highly desired.In this paper,we report the experimental generation of a miniaturized frequency entangled source in telecommunication band from a 10 mm-long type-Ⅱ periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide pumped by a 780 nm distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser diode.The frequency entangled photon pairs generated by SPDC possess wide applications in quantum optics and relevant fields.When the DBR laser diode is driven by a current of 170 mA at a temperature controlled to 20℃,the output power is measured to be 70.4 mW with a central wavelength of 780.585 nm.Under this pump,the orthogonally-polarized photon pairs are generated and output from the PPLN waveguide.After filtering out the remaining pump by three high-performance long-pass filters mounted on an adjustable U-type fiber bench,the photon-pair generation rate,spectral and temporal properties of the generated frequency entangled source are measured.The results show that the generation rate of the photon pairs,after being corrected for the detection efficiencies of the single photon detectors and the optical losses,is achieved to be 1.86×107 s-1 at a pump power of 44.9 mW (coupled into the waveguide).Optimizing the working temperature of the waveguide and fixing it at 46.5℃,the frequency degeneracy of the SPDC generated photon pairs is realized.Based on the coincidence measurement setup together with two infrared spectrometers,the spectra of the signal and idler photons are obtained with their center wavelengths of 1561.43 nm and 1561.45 nm,and their 3-dB bandwidths of 3.62 nm and 3.60 nm respectively.The joint spectrum of the photon pair is observed,showing a joint spectrum bandwidth of 3.18 nm.The degree of frequency entanglement is quantified to be 1.13 according to the bandwidth ratio between the single photon spectrum and the joint spectrum.Furthermore,based on the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometric coincidence measurement setup,a visibility of about 96.1% is observed,which indicates the very good frequency indistinguishibility of the down-converted biphotons.The measured 3-dB width of the HOM dip is 1.47 ps and shows good agreement with the measured single-photon spectral bandwidth.The experimental results lay a solid foundation for developing portable,miniaturized frequency entangled sources at telecommunication band for the further applications in quantum information areas,such as quantum time synchronization.
We have generated a stable and continuously tunable single frequency (420 nm) coherent blue light (CBL) by the cavity-enhanced four-wave mixing process in Rb vapor. With the bow-tie-type ring cavity, the output power was 3.3 mW, two orders of magnitude higher than that of the CBL generated by the single-pass four-wave mixing process. The measured power stabilities of the 420 nm CBL operated at 2.5 mW and 1.5 mW for 1000 s were 2.89% and 1.88%, respectively. Under the scanning pump laser frequency, the continuously tunable range of the generated CBL reached 1.68 GHz without mode hopping. The measured beam qualities of the generated laser were M x 2 = 1.117 and M y 2 = 1.179 . The excellent performance of the 420 nm CBL was characterized by velocity transfer spectroscopy with 780 nm probe laser. This high quality short wavelength coherent light is potentially applicable to photon-atom interactions in quantum optics and fundamental research fields.
A single-photon signal at 1.55 microm was converted to the visible region by sum-frequency mixing with a strong pumping beam at 1064 nm in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal placed in a diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser cavity. As the intracavity pump laser could be automatically stabilized without cavity lock, robust long-term stability was demonstrated for single-photon frequency upconversion, with a conversion efficiency of 74.3%. Such a stable single-photon upconversion was demonstrated to be efficient and robust for single-photon counting at 1550 nm, and the corresponding background noise was measured at less than 420 x 10(3) s(-1).
Quantum frequency conversion is a widely used technique to interface atomic systems with the telecom band in order to facilitate propagation over longer distances in fiber. Here, we demonstrate the difference-frequency conversion from 606 nm to 1552 nm of microsecond-long weak coherent pulses at the single-photon level compatible with Pr\mathrm{Pr}Pr3+{}^{3+}3+:Y\mathrm{Y}Y2{}_{2}2​SiO\mathrm{Si}\mathrm{O}SiO5{}_{5}5​ quantum memories, with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We use a single-step difference-frequency-generation process with a continuous-wave pump at 994 nm in a periodically poled lithium niobate (MgO\mathrm{Mg}\mathrm{O}MgO:ppLN) waveguide and ultranarrow spectral filtering down to a bandwidth of 12.5 MHz. With this setup, we achieve the conversion of weak coherent pulses of duration up to 13.6 \textmu{}s with a device efficiency of about 25 % and an SNR >460 for 10-$\text{\ensuremath{\mu}}\mathrm{s}$-long pulses containing one photon on average. This SNR is large enough to enable a high-fidelity conversion of qubits emitted from an emissive quantum memory based on Pr\mathrm{Pr}Pr3+{}^{3+}3+:Y\mathrm{Y}Y2{}_{2}2​SiO\mathrm{Si}\mathrm{O}SiO5{}_{5}5​ and to realize an interface with quantum processing nodes based on narrow-linewidth cavity-enhanced trapped ions.
We report on a new kind of correlated photon-pair source based on a waveguide integrated on a Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate substrate. Using a pump laser of a few micro-Watts at 657 nm, we generate degenerate photon-pairs at 1314 nm. Detecting about 1500 coincidences per second, we can infer a conversion rate of 10-6 pairs per pump photon, which is four orders of magnitude higher than that obtained with previous bulk sources. These results are very promising for the realization of sources for quantum communication and quantum metrology experiments requiring a high signal-to-noise ratio or working with more than one photon-pair at a time.