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arXiv:quant-ph/0012053

Highly efficient photon-pair source using a Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Sébastien Tanzilli, Hugues de Riedmatten, Wolfgang Tittel, Hugo Zbinden, Pascal A. Baldi, Marc de Micheli, Daniel B. Ostrowsky, Nicolas Gisin

Published Dec 13, 2000• 0 citations
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Abstract

We report on a new kind of correlated photon-pair source based on a waveguide integrated on a Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate substrate. Using a pump laser of a few micro-Watts at 657 nm, we generate degenerate photon-pairs at 1314 nm. Detecting about 1500 coincidences per second, we can infer a conversion rate of 10-6 pairs per pump photon, which is four orders of magnitude higher than that obtained with previous bulk sources. These results are very promising for the realization of sources for quantum communication and quantum metrology experiments requiring a high signal-to-noise ratio or working with more than one photon-pair at a time.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0012053

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We report on a new kind of correlated photon-pair source based on a waveguide integrated on a Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate substrate. Using a pump laser of a few micro-Watts at 657 nm, we generate degenerate photon-pairs at 1314 nm. Detecting about 1500 coincidences per second, we can infer a conversion rate of 10-6 pairs per pump photon, which is four orders of magnitude higher than that obtained with previous bulk sources. These results are very promising for the realization of sources for quantum communication and quantum metrology experiments requiring a high signal-to-noise ratio or working with more than one photon-pair at a time.
A new kind of correlated photon-pair source based on a waveguide integrated on a periodically poled lithium niobate substrate is reported. Using a pump laser of a few µW at 657 nm, photon-pairs are generated/degenerated at 1314 nm. Detecting ~1500 coincidences per second, a conversion rate of 10-6 pairs per pump photon can be inferred, which is four orders of magnitude higher than that obtained with previous bulk sources. These results are very promising for the realisation of sources for quantum communication and quantum metrology experiments requiring a high signal-to-noise ratio or working with more than one photon-pair at a time.
Reliable generation of single photons is of key importance for fundamental physical experiments and quantum protocols.The periodically poled lithium niobate (LN) waveguide has shown promise for an integrated quantum source due to its large spectral tunability and high efficiency, benefiting from the quasi-phase-matching.Here we demonstrate photon-pair sources based on an LN waveguide periodically poled by a tightly focused femtosecond laser beam.The pair coincidence rate reaches ∼8000 counts per second for average pump power of 3.2 mW (peak power is 2.9 kW).Our results prove the possibility of application of the nonlinear photonics structure fabricated by femtosecond laser to the integrated quantum source.This method can be extended to three-dimensional domain structures, which provide a potential platform for steering the spatial degree of freedom of the entangled two-photon states.
In this paper we measure the efficiency of photon pair production from parametric downconversion at the photon counting level, generated in a laboratory prototype of PPLN waveguide at 1572 nm. The aim is to enhance the brightness of an heralded single photon source and to improve compactness for quantum communication applications, namely quantum key distribution. We observed a maximum of the conversion efficiency corresponding to 7.9 106 photon pairs/s for a pump power of 28 μW. This value is compared with the measured pairs production in a classical experiment of difference frequency generation, realized with the same sample by analogue classical detection. We highlight the advantages of using the waveguide versus a bulk PPLN for such applications and we foresee further possible improvements by adopting waveguide in a single photon level experimental setup.
Efficient on-chip entangled photon pair generation at telecom wavelengths is an integral aspect of emerging quantum optical technologies, particularly for quantum communication and computing. However, moving to shorter wavelengths enables the use of more accessible silicon detector technology, and opens up applications in imaging and spectroscopy. Here, we present high brightness ((1.6 ± 0.3) × 10 9 pairs/s/mW/nm) visible–near-IR photon pair generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate nanophotonic waveguide. The degenerate spectrum of the photon pairs is centered at 811 nm with a bandwidth of 117 nm when pumped with a spectrally multimode laser diode. The measured on-chip source efficiency of (2.3 ± 0.5) × 10 11 pairs/s/mW is on par with source efficiencies at telecom wavelengths and is also orders of magnitude higher than the efficiencies of other visible sources implemented in bulk crystal or diffused waveguide-based technologies. Further improvements in the brightness and efficiencies are possible by pumping the device with a single-frequency laser, which would also shrink the pair bandwidth. These results represent the shortest wavelength of photon pairs generated in a nanophotonic waveguide reported to date by nearly an octave.
Abstract Long‐distance communication is important for practical quantum key distribution. From the viewpoint of transmission distance, generation of single photons at 1550 nm is desirable for fiber transmission. Making use of parametric down‐conversion (signal and idler photons) as a single photon source for quantum key distribution can obtain communication distance longer than using a conventional weak coherent pulse. The reason for this is that the arrival time of the idler photon can be known by the detection of signal photon and therefore the dark count probability can be reduced by operating Bob's detector for a very short time around the photon arrival. In this paper, we report on the generation of the correlated photon pairs in the 1550‐nm band using a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide which has a high conversion efficiency. Our measurements are in agreement with a Poissonian photon‐pair distribution. We have deduced that the probability of multi‐photon‐pair generation is sufficiently reduced when the pump is lower than 5 µW with a repetition rate of 800 kHz. We also demonstrated a two‐photon interference experiment using a Mach‐Zehnder interferometer to confirm the quantum‐mechanical nature of the correlated photon pairs. We found that that visibility was decreased when the pump power was increased due to the multi‐photon‐pair contribution. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 88(11): 28–36, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20130
We report the realization of a new polarization entangled photon-pair source based on a titanium-indiffused waveguide integrated on periodically poled lithium niobate pumped by a CW laser at 655 nm. The paired photons are emitted at the telecom wavelength of 1310 nm within a bandwidth of 0.7 nm. The quantum properties of the pairs are measured using a two-photon coalescence experiment showing a visibility of 85%. The evaluated source brightness, on the order of 10(5) pairs s(-1)GHz(-1)mW(-1), associated with its compactness and reliability, demonstrates the source's high potential for long-distance quantum communication.