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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

High sensitively coherent population trapping magnetometer with optically pumped degenerate atoms

Ryo Maeda, Shigeyoshi Goka

Published Jul 1, 2017• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A high sensitive coherent population trapping (CPT) magnetometer with optically pumped degenerate state atoms has been developed. The CPT magnetometer in degenerate state, which does not require large magnetic field, has high sensitivity as a CPT magnetometer while keeping simple configuration. Our measurement system achieved magnetic sensitivity of 1pT/√Hz using this technique.

DOI
10.1109/fcs.2017.8088874

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A high sensitive coherent population trapping (CPT) magnetometer with optically pumped degenerate state atoms has been developed. The CPT magnetometer in degenerate state, which does not require large magnetic field, has high sensitivity as a CPT magnetometer while keeping simple configuration. Our measurement system achieved magnetic sensitivity of 1pT/√Hz using this technique.
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An automated magnetometer suitable for long lasting measurement under stable and controllable experimental conditions has been implemented. The device is based on coherent population trapping (CPT) produced by a multifrequency excitation. CPT resonance is observed when a frequency comb, generated by diode laser current modulation, excites Cs atoms confined in a π/4×(2.5)2×1 cm3, 2 TorrN2 buffered cell. A fully optical sensor is connected through an optical fiber to the laser head allowing for truly remote sensing and minimization of the field perturbation. A detailed analysis of the CPT resonance parameters as a function of the optical detuning has been made in order to get high sensitivity measurements. The magnetic field monitoring performances and the best sensitivity obtained in a balanced differential configuration of the sensor are presented.
We have set up a coherent population trapping (CPT)-based magnetometer prototype with the D1 line of ⁸⁷Rb atoms. The dichromatic light field is derived from a fiber electro-optic modulator (FEOM) connected to an external cavity laser diode. A CPT resonance signal with a 516 Hz linewidth is observed. By feeding back the derivative of the resonance curve to the FEOM with a proportional integral controller, of which the voltage output is directly converted to the measured magnetic field intensity, the resonance peak is locked to the environmental magnetic field. The measurement data we have achieved are well matched with the data measured by a commercial fluxgate magnetometer within 2 nT, and the sensitivity is better than 8 pT/√Hz in a parallel B field.
A pocket coherent population trapping (CPT) atomic magnetometer scheme that uses a vertical cavity surface emitting laser as a light source is proposed and experimentally investigated. Using the differential detecting magneto–optic rotation effect, a CPT spectrum with the background canceled and a high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained. The experimental results reveal that the sensitivity of the proposed scheme can be improved by half an order, and the ability to detect weak magnetic fields is extended one-fold. Therefore, the proposed scheme is suited to realize a pocket-size CPT magnetometer.
Coherent population trapping(CPT)magnetometer is based on coherent population trapping coherent dark states,using an all-optical method to measure the magnetic field with high accuracy.In our experiment,we used the method of injection locking to get the two color lasers with locked phase and large frequency difference,which equald to the hyperfine splitting of the cesium atoms′ground states,and observed the CPT transmission signals.We added the longitudinal magnetic field which was along the laser propagation direction,and observed the widen CPT transmission peak and the splitting signals.For the magnetic field of medium intensity,we got the magnetic field value by measuring the splitting spacing,and for the weak region,the value could be obtained by the relation of current and magnetic field.In our experiment,we could measure the static field with several nT.
Experimental investigation of the width, amplitude and shape of the Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) resonances for magnetic field measurements by means of a Hanle effect configuration (the single frequency CPT resonances) is presented. Different resonance width narrowing effects for increasing the sensitivity of the magnetometers are discussed. Numerical simulations based on density matrix formalism, which take into account the influence of the high rank polarization moments and the velocity distribution of the atoms have been performed for analysis of the shapes of the resonances.