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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

High-temperature calcium vapor cell construction and spectroscopy

N. Lemke, Kyle W. Martin, Jarom Jackson, Christopher Erickson, Jordan L. Armstrong, Dallin Durfee

Published Jul 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe the construction, operation, and resulting spectroscopy of a high-temperature calcium vapor cell using the 657 nm intercombination transition in neutral calcium. Alkali contaminants inside the cell resulted in the emission of off-resonant fluorescence. The resulting lifetime of the3P1state in calcium atoms subjected to collisions with the contaminant vapor is quantified.

DOI
10.1109/fcs.2017.8088925

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We describe the construction, operation, and resulting spectroscopy of a high-temperature calcium vapor cell using the 657 nm intercombination transition in neutral calcium. Alkali contaminants inside the cell resulted in the emission of off-resonant fluorescence. The resulting lifetime of the3P1state in calcium atoms subjected to collisions with the contaminant vapor is quantified.
A new type of compact magnesium cell with room-temperature walls have been developed for high resolution spectroscopy on the Mg 1S0-3P1 intercombination line. Saturation resonances with a FWHM of 1.3.MHz have been detected in this cell in the fluorescence signal. The time selection method was applied to eliminate the background signal caused by the scattering of laser beams on cell windows. The signal-to-background ratio drastically increased by the spatial localization of excited atoms owing to collisions with atoms of a low-pressure inert gas.
We demonstrate strontium (Sr) atomic vapor cells having a total external volume of 0.63 cm 3 that can operate above 300 °C for times exceeding 380 h. The cells are fabricated using micromachined silicon frames anodically bonded to glass windows that have a 20-nm thick protective layer of Al 2 O 3 deposited on the interior surfaces. The presence of Sr vapor in the cell is confirmed through laser absorption spectroscopy for the 1 S 0 → 1 P 1 transition in Sr at 461 nm. Measurements of sub-Doppler linewidths indicated negligible (<3 MHz) broadening of this transition from residual background gas collisions. This compact and manufacturable, high-temperature atomic vapor cell can enable narrow-line optical frequency references based on strontium and other alkaline earth species.
The high resolution spectroscopy of nanometric-thin alkali-vapor layers was made possible through the development of extremely thin cell.We have investigated the behavior of the extremely thin cell fluorescence spectra both experimentally and theoretically.Experiment is performed on the D 2 line of Cs-vapor-layer with thickness L = mλ, where m = 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25.For open optical transitions, the fluorescence spectra shows narrow dip on the top of the sub-Doppler-width fluorescence profile, at L ≥ λ.In case of closed transition, an extremely small feature in the fluorescence slightly shifted from its maximum is observed at L = (5/4)λ.The used theoretical model, based on the optical Bloch equations is in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations.