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Frontiers of Physics

Evolution of finite energy Airy beams in cubic-quintic atomic vapor system

Zhenkun Wu, Hao Guo, Wei Wang, Yuzong Gu

Published Jul 26, 2017• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In a numerical investigation, we demonstrate the evolution of a one-dimensional and two-dimensional finite energy Airy beam in a Λ-type three-level atomic vapor with linear, cubic, and quintic susceptibilities considered simultaneously with the dressing effect. Quasi-solitons and soliton pairs are observed due to this competition mechanism. We find that the frequency detuning of the pump field and its power greatly affect the formation and evolution of generated solitons. In general, around the two-photon resonance point and for low intensities of the pump field, it is less difficult to form solitons. This investigation enriches the study of the propagation properties of Airy beams and soliton generation in atomic vapor.

DOI
10.1007/s11467-017-0707-5

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In a numerical investigation, we demonstrate the evolution of a one-dimensional and two-dimensional finite energy Airy beam in a Λ-type three-level atomic vapor with linear, cubic, and quintic susceptibilities considered simultaneously with the dressing effect. Quasi-solitons and soliton pairs are observed due to this competition mechanism. We find that the frequency detuning of the pump field and its power greatly affect the formation and evolution of generated solitons. In general, around the two-photon resonance point and for low intensities of the pump field, it is less difficult to form solitons. This investigation enriches the study of the propagation properties of Airy beams and soliton generation in atomic vapor.
In a numerical investigation, we demonstrate the existence and curious evolution of vortices in a ladder-type three-level nonlinear atomic vapor with linear, cubic, and quintic susceptibilities considered simultaneously with the dressing effect. We find that the number of beads and topological charge of the incident beam, as well as its size, greatly affect the formation and evolution of vortices. To determine the number of induced vortices and the corresponding rotation direction, we give common rules associated with the initial conditions coming from various incident beams.
Abstract We demonstrate the existence and curious propagation dynamics of self-accelerating beams in Λ-type three-level nonlinear atomic vapors with Kerr and cubic-quintic nonlinearities through numerical investigation and mathematical modelling. Upon adjusting the generation and propagation conditions, these nonlinear accelerating beams exhibit different evolution properties. We demonstrate that the input beams can propagate robustly in the medium regardless of its absorption properties. The shape and peak intensity of the main lobes of these input beams, which are the eigenmodes of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) in atomic media, are preserved for a significantly long propagation distance. If such beams are not the modes of the system, they are subjected to the under-healing or over-healing effect, which damages the shape of the self-accelerating beams. We also discuss the interactions between truncated accelerating beams, which readily generate non-accelerating solitons and soliton pairs. The results indicate that the atomic vapor can serve as a promising medium for the generation of nonlinear self-accelerating beams.
We investigate numerically the dynamics of optical vortex beams carrying different topological charges, launched in a dissipative three-level ladder-type nonlinear atomic vapor. We impose the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) condition on the medium. Linear, cubic, and quintic susceptibilities, considered simultaneously with the dressing effect, are included in the analysis. Generally, the beams slowly expand during propagation and new vortices are induced, commonly appearing in oppositely charged pairs. We demonstrate that not only the form and the topological charge of the incident beam but also its growing size in the medium greatly affect the formation and evolution of vortices. We formulate common rules for finding the number of induced vortices and the corresponding rotation directions, stemming from the initial conditions of various incident beams, as well as from the dynamical aspects of their propagation. The net topological charge of the vortex is conserved during propagation, as it should be, but the total number of charges is not necessarily the same as the initial number, because of the complex nature of the system. When the EIT condition is lifted, an enhancement region of beam dynamics is reached, in which the dynamics and the expansion of the beam greatly accelerate. In the end, we discuss the liquid-like behavior of light evolution in this dissipative system and propose a potential experimental scheme for observing such a behavior.
We experimentally investigate the two-dimensional condensate (optical dropletlike) soliton formation and dynamics of the generated signal and probe beams in four-wave mixing (FWM) process with atomic coherence, under competition between the third- and fifth-order nonlinear susceptibilities. With such competing nonlinearities, mutual transformations among dropletlike fundamental, dipole, and azimuthally modulated vortex FWM solitons are observed. The influence of nonlinear competition on the photonic band gap is also investigated. All the results are obtained under low powers.
We experimentally investigate the soliton formation and dynamics in the nonlinear propagation of the generated signal and probe beams in four-wave mixing (FWM) process with atomic coherence in a three-level atomic system, under the competition between focusing and defocusing nonlinearities, as well as between gain and dissipation, due to the third- and fifth-order nonlinear susceptibilities with opposite signs. With multi-parameter controllability and nonlinear competition in the system, fundamental, dipole, and azimuthally-modulated vortex FWM solitons can transform mutually from one to the other. Such investigations have potential applications in optical pattern formation and control, and all-optical communication.
We numerically investigate the dynamics of inward circular finite-energy Airy beams carrying different orbital angular momentum (OAM) numbers in a close-Λ three-level atomic vapor with the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window. We report that due to the EIT induced by the microwave field, the transverse intensity distribution properties of Airy beam can be feasibly manipulated and modulated through adjusting OAM numbers l and the frequency detuning, as well as the propagation distance, in the multi-level atomic systems. What’s more, the rotation of the beam also can be observed with different positions in atomic ensembles. The investigation may provide a useful tool for studying particle manipulation, signal processing and propagation in graded-index (GRIN) fibers.