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Slow-light medium based on coupled erbium-doped fiber resonators : optical measurement of the phase shift

Thị Kim Ngân Nguyên, Stéphane Trebaol, Laura Ghişa, Yannick Dumeige, Patrice Féron

Published Apr 13, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The experimental demonstration of coupled resonator induced transparency has been made using passive fiber or WGM microspheres. The maximal group delay introduced depends mainly on the relative value of the intrinsic losses with respect to the value of the coupling between the resonators. Our experimental setup consists in two coupled Er3+ doped fiber resonators. By pumping each resonator independently, the values of the residual losses in the two resonators can be modified and the transparency maximized using the right pumping rate. We measure the phase shift produced by the coupled resonators and deduce the group delay.

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The experimental demonstration of coupled resonator induced transparency has been made using passive fiber or WGM microspheres. The maximal group delay introduced depends mainly on the relative value of the intrinsic losses with respect to the value of the coupling between the resonators. Our experimental setup consists in two coupled Er3+ doped fiber resonators. By pumping each resonator independently, the values of the residual losses in the two resonators can be modified and the transparency maximized using the right pumping rate. We measure the phase shift produced by the coupled resonators and deduce the group delay.
Since the proposition of D.D. Smith et al. [Phys. Rev. A 69 pp. 063804, 2004], the experimental demonstration of coupled resonator induced transparency has been made using passive fiber or whispering-gallery-mode microspheres. These demonstrations show that it is possible to integrate delay lines using high quality resonators. The maximal group delay that it can be introduced depends mainly on the relative value of the intrinsic losses with respect to the value of the coupling between the resonators. In this paper we experimentally show that the limit given by the intrinsic losses of the resonators can be circumvented by using active resonators. Our experimental setup consists in two coupled Er3+ doped fiber resonators. Each resonator can be pumped independently. Consequently, the values of the residual losses in the two resonators can also be modified independently. We then show that the transparency of the coupled resonators can be maximized using the right pumping rate in each resonator. By inserting this device into one arm of a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer we are able to optically measure the phase shift produced by the coupled resonators as a function of the optical frequency. The group delay can be deduced from this information.
We demonstrate experimentally coupled active-resonator-induced transparency in a fiber system. We show that the use of Er3+{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}Er3+-doped fibers can compensate for the optical losses leading to a high transparency of the system. Using a Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer, we measure the dispersion properties of our coupled active resonators under different pumping rates. We show that the active feature of the system allows us to engineer the different orders of its artificial dispersion. This experimental demonstration shows the potential of active coupled resonators for dispersion tailoring and slow-light applications.
This paper proposes a ring-out-ring structure of coupled optical resonators to yield coupled-resonator-induced transparency (CRIT). Considering the insertion loss of the coupler, it theoretically deduces the transmission and the effective phase shift. The influences of the insertion loss of the coupler on the transmittance, the effective phase shift, the group index and the CRIT linewidth are fully studied. We find that the increase in multiple m can effectively enhance the normal dispersion and the group index of the proposed structure. Moreover, the specific expression of the group index at resonance is theoretically deduced and discussed for the proposed structure with two rings. The result shows that the multiple m between the lengths of ring 1 and ring 2 can enhance the group index to m times that of the structure with two equal-sized rings at resonance. The control of slow light in the proposed structure is important for applications of highly sensitivity gyroscopes, optical delay lines and optical buffers, etc.
We performed optical pulse propagation experiments in a system in which two ultrahigh-Q silica microspheres of different diameters were coupled in tandem to a fiber taper to yield coupled-resonator-induced transparency. Nearly Gaussian-shaped optical pulses propagated with a large positive delay of 8.5 ns through a transparent frequency window, without significant attenuation, amplification, or pulse deformation, demonstrating classical analogy of the extremely slow light obtained with electromagnetically induced transparency.
Group velocity of the optical pulse propagation would be reduced based on coherent population oscillation effect in an absorbing medium. According to the absorption properties of erbium-doped optical fiber, there would appear a sharp absorption loss, which brought more difficulties to the actual measurement of slow light and its application in communications. From the ground rate equation of erbium-ion, the delay of optical pulse was simulated under controllable absorption loss， and experiments were implemented to verify the theoretical results. Moreover, we researched how the different pump power and fiber length effect the signal loss and the optical pulse delay.
We propose a technique to obtain slow and fast light propagations based on coherent population oscillations forced by a modulated pump. This mechanism produces an enhancement of 1 order of magnitude of the delay or advancement of light signals. The relative phase between the pumps to the signal fields is used as a knob for changing light propagation from ultraslow group velocities to negative group velocities. The experimental realization of the phenomenon was carried out in an erbium-doped fiber amplifier at room temperature.