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Chinese Physics B

Control of slow light in a ring-out-ring structure

Nan Wang, 掌蕴东, 袁萍

Published Apr 1, 2011• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper proposes a ring-out-ring structure of coupled optical resonators to yield coupled-resonator-induced transparency (CRIT). Considering the insertion loss of the coupler, it theoretically deduces the transmission and the effective phase shift. The influences of the insertion loss of the coupler on the transmittance, the effective phase shift, the group index and the CRIT linewidth are fully studied. We find that the increase in multiple m can effectively enhance the normal dispersion and the group index of the proposed structure. Moreover, the specific expression of the group index at resonance is theoretically deduced and discussed for the proposed structure with two rings. The result shows that the multiple m between the lengths of ring 1 and ring 2 can enhance the group index to m times that of the structure with two equal-sized rings at resonance. The control of slow light in the proposed structure is important for applications of highly sensitivity gyroscopes, optical delay lines and optical buffers, etc.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/20/4/044203

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This paper proposes a ring-out-ring structure of coupled optical resonators to yield coupled-resonator-induced transparency (CRIT). Considering the insertion loss of the coupler, it theoretically deduces the transmission and the effective phase shift. The influences of the insertion loss of the coupler on the transmittance, the effective phase shift, the group index and the CRIT linewidth are fully studied. We find that the increase in multiple m can effectively enhance the normal dispersion and the group index of the proposed structure. Moreover, the specific expression of the group index at resonance is theoretically deduced and discussed for the proposed structure with two rings. The result shows that the multiple m between the lengths of ring 1 and ring 2 can enhance the group index to m times that of the structure with two equal-sized rings at resonance. The control of slow light in the proposed structure is important for applications of highly sensitivity gyroscopes, optical delay lines and optical buffers, etc.
The analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency in optical methods has shown great potential in slow light and sensing applications. Here, we experimentally demonstrated a coupled resonator induced transparency system with three cascaded ring coupled resonators in a silicon chip. The structure was modeled by using the transfer matrix method. Influences of various parameters including coupling ratio of couplers, waveguide loss and additional loss of couplers on transmission characteristic and group index have been investigated theoretically and numerically in detail. The transmission character of the system was measured by the vertical grating coupling method. The enhanced quality factor reached 1.22 × 10⁵. In addition, we further test the temperature performance of the device. The results provide a new method for the manipulation of light in highly integrated optical circuits and sensing applications.
We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that the fast and slow light characteristics of the add-drop ring-resonator (ADRR) can be regulated by introducing an assisted ring. This novel geometry is named ring-assisted add-drop ring-resonator (RA-ADRR). When the assisted ring is under-coupled, the fast and slow light characteristics of through and drop ports of the RA-ADRR will be reversed, which is different from the coupled resonator induced transparency (CRIT) studied previously. With the decrease of loss, the dispersion peak (dip) of the two ports will grow up towards the opposite directions and finally the inversion occurs. Meanwhile, we find that by increasing the circumference of the assisted ring, the dispersion of the two ports could be improved proportionally. The experimental results show that the maximum group delays of the through and drop ports are 115 ns and -485 ns, respectively. This novel phenomenon could greatly enhance the sensitivity of slow light interferometers and also has potential applications in optical communication, network, filtering and switching.
We theoretically demonstrate the transmittion spectra and dispersion characteristics based on the electromagnetically induced transparency like effect in the nested fiber double-ring resonator with the transfer matrix theory; the system which are connected by three directional couplers consists of two inner rings, one outer ring and one straight waveguide. The simulation results show that the tunable group delay can be realized by changing the coupling coefficients. In the NDRR coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer system, we obtained fast light and slow light simultaneously. By adjusting appropriate parameters, we can archive flat band group delay curve that has a profound application in optical interferometer, optical buffer, optical filter, optical modulator, dynamic or static optical sensing field.
This article optimizes the conditions for the formation of slow light produced by coupled fiber ring resonators. Investigated parameters include the number of rings, ring length, splitting ratio of couplers, and ring losses. The optimized parameters included two rings in the resonator, equal length of the rings, and splitting ratios of 90:10 and 50:50 for the couplers. Under these conditions, a slow light delay time of 32.0668 ns was achieved, which corresponds to a group velocity of 3.43 × 107 m/s.
In the paper, Coupled-resonator-induced-transparency (CRIT) phenomenon in a novel integrated on-chip optical resonator system is experimentally demonstrated. The system is composed of a four-ring resonator with 20 μm diameter on silicon, whose spectrum has a narrow transparency peak with low group velocity. The CRIT effect is observed in the optical coupled-resonator due to the classical destructive interference. This system can be used to study the slow and fast light experiments because of its simplicity and flexibility. In this work, a CRIT resonance with a quality factor of 7.2×104is demonstrated with the same cavity size and the power coupling of the system is 60%, which agree well with the theoretical analysis. The through and drop transmission spectra of the resonator are coincided well with each other.
The insertion loss of fiber couplers in the two fiber rings waveguide system is studied. The peak power is the same by matching coupler strength of two couplers at the resonant area. The peak transmittance is inversely proportional to the group refractive index regardless of the two reflection values. Group delay increases at the expense of reduction of the peak transmissivity. The three rings waveguide structure manifests the subluminal properties accompanying normal dispersion by doping gain media. Group delay is analyzed in the frequency domain and the time domain, respectively. This study could be regarded as the significant theoretical foundation for applications in the field of controllable light velocity theory, sensors, filters, optical buffers and so on.