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IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems

Induced-transparency in silicon-on-insulator based novel resonator systems

Danfeng Cui, Chenyang Xue, Chao Liu, Liping Wei, Yonghua Wang, Jun Liu

Published Apr 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the paper, Coupled-resonator-induced-transparency (CRIT) phenomenon in a novel integrated on-chip optical resonator system is experimentally demonstrated. The system is composed of a four-ring resonator with 20 μm diameter on silicon, whose spectrum has a narrow transparency peak with low group velocity. The CRIT effect is observed in the optical coupled-resonator due to the classical destructive interference. This system can be used to study the slow and fast light experiments because of its simplicity and flexibility. In this work, a CRIT resonance with a quality factor of 7.2×104is demonstrated with the same cavity size and the power coupling of the system is 60%, which agree well with the theoretical analysis. The through and drop transmission spectra of the resonator are coincided well with each other.

DOI
10.1109/nems.2013.6559798

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In the paper, Coupled-resonator-induced-transparency (CRIT) phenomenon in a novel integrated on-chip optical resonator system is experimentally demonstrated. The system is composed of a four-ring resonator with 20 μm diameter on silicon, whose spectrum has a narrow transparency peak with low group velocity. The CRIT effect is observed in the optical coupled-resonator due to the classical destructive interference. This system can be used to study the slow and fast light experiments because of its simplicity and flexibility. In this work, a CRIT resonance with a quality factor of 7.2×104is demonstrated with the same cavity size and the power coupling of the system is 60%, which agree well with the theoretical analysis. The through and drop transmission spectra of the resonator are coincided well with each other.
The coupled resonator-induced transparency (CRIT) phenomenon, which is analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic systems, can occur in an original integrated optical resonator system due to the coherent interference of the coupled optical resonators. The system was composed of three ring resonators on silicon, each with the same cavity size, and the optical coupling to the input and output ports was achieved using grating with a power coupling efficiency of 36%. A CRIT resonance whose spectrum shows a narrow transparency peak with a low group velocity was demonstrated. The quality factor of the ring resonator can attain a value up to 6 × 10 4 , and the harmonic wavelength can be controlled by adjusting the temperature. The through and drop transmission spectra of the resonator are reconciled well with each other and also consistent well with the theoretical analysis.
The analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency in optical methods has shown great potential in slow light and sensing applications. Here, we experimentally demonstrated a coupled resonator induced transparency system with three cascaded ring coupled resonators in a silicon chip. The structure was modeled by using the transfer matrix method. Influences of various parameters including coupling ratio of couplers, waveguide loss and additional loss of couplers on transmission characteristic and group index have been investigated theoretically and numerically in detail. The transmission character of the system was measured by the vertical grating coupling method. The enhanced quality factor reached 1.22 × 10⁵. In addition, we further test the temperature performance of the device. The results provide a new method for the manipulation of light in highly integrated optical circuits and sensing applications.
A microring resonator consists of a ring side-coupled to a bus waveguide, where the light exchange is achieved by means of evanescent coupling mechanism.It is a strong candidate for integrated optics due to its advantage of compact size, cascadable input/output ports, and the compatibility of CMOS fabrication.The microring resonator can be used to create many interesting phenomena that are difficult to obtain in other classical configurations.This thesis focuses on the theoretical analysis and experimental realization of induced transparency in optical devices derived from ring resonators.In this thesis, I propose a ring-bus-ring Mach-Zehnder interferometer (RBRMZI) system based on a 3×3 coupler, and show that such a system can generate an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like spectrum via phase engineering facilitated by interpathways interference between RBR and MZI, instead of separate light interaction in two resonators alone.Both the transfer matrix formalism and the temporal coupled mode theory are investigated to model this induced transparency.The relationship between the two theories is obtained via the energy-conservation and Q-factors.In addition, the EIT-like spectrum in the RBRMZI is experimentally realized using silicon-oninsulator technology.The best RBRMZI device has a transparency with a bandwidth of 0.25nm, a free spectral range of 12nm and a Q-factor of ~6300.With further measurements of the devices having strong ring-bus coupling, we obtain a Q~18000 when the circumference of one ring is 43.4μm and the circumference of the other ring is slightly detuned by ~0.035%.Moreover, we achieve a roundtrip loss as small as ~0.5% of the input energy.The measurement results agree well with theoretical prediction and 2D-FDTD numerical calculations.
An all-pass microring-Bragg gratings (APMR-BG) based coupling resonant system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to generate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like transmission for the first time. The coupling between two light path ways in the micro-ring resonator and the Fabry-Pérot (F-P) resonator formed by two sections of Bragg gratings gives rise to the EIT-like spectrum. This system has the advantage of a small footprint consisting of only one microring resonator and one bus waveguide with Bragg gratings. It also has a large fabrication tolerance as the overlap requirement between the resonance wavelengths of the microring and the F-P resonator is more relaxed. The two most important properties of the EIT-like transmission namely the insertion loss (IL) and the full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) have been analytically investigated by utilizing the specially developed model based on the transfer matrix method. The APMR-BG based coupling resonant system was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The EIT-like transmission with an extinction ratio (ER) of 12 dB, a FWHM of 0.077 nm and a quality factor (Q factor) of 20200 was achieved, which agree well with the simulated results based on our numerical model. A slow light with a group delay of 38 ps was also obtained.
This paper proposes a ring-out-ring structure of coupled optical resonators to yield coupled-resonator-induced transparency (CRIT). Considering the insertion loss of the coupler, it theoretically deduces the transmission and the effective phase shift. The influences of the insertion loss of the coupler on the transmittance, the effective phase shift, the group index and the CRIT linewidth are fully studied. We find that the increase in multiple m can effectively enhance the normal dispersion and the group index of the proposed structure. Moreover, the specific expression of the group index at resonance is theoretically deduced and discussed for the proposed structure with two rings. The result shows that the multiple m between the lengths of ring 1 and ring 2 can enhance the group index to m times that of the structure with two equal-sized rings at resonance. The control of slow light in the proposed structure is important for applications of highly sensitivity gyroscopes, optical delay lines and optical buffers, etc.