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Chinese Physics B

Coupled resonator-induced transparency on a three-ring resonator

Jiao Xinquan, Haobo Yu, Miao Yu, Chenyang Xue, Yongfeng Ren

Published Jul 1, 2018• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The coupled resonator-induced transparency (CRIT) phenomenon, which is analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic systems, can occur in an original integrated optical resonator system due to the coherent interference of the coupled optical resonators. The system was composed of three ring resonators on silicon, each with the same cavity size, and the optical coupling to the input and output ports was achieved using grating with a power coupling efficiency of 36%. A CRIT resonance whose spectrum shows a narrow transparency peak with a low group velocity was demonstrated. The quality factor of the ring resonator can attain a value up to 6 × 10 4 , and the harmonic wavelength can be controlled by adjusting the temperature. The through and drop transmission spectra of the resonator are reconciled well with each other and also consistent well with the theoretical analysis.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/27/7/074212

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The coupled resonator-induced transparency (CRIT) phenomenon, which is analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic systems, can occur in an original integrated optical resonator system due to the coherent interference of the coupled optical resonators. The system was composed of three ring resonators on silicon, each with the same cavity size, and the optical coupling to the input and output ports was achieved using grating with a power coupling efficiency of 36%. A CRIT resonance whose spectrum shows a narrow transparency peak with a low group velocity was demonstrated. The quality factor of the ring resonator can attain a value up to 6 × 10 4 , and the harmonic wavelength can be controlled by adjusting the temperature. The through and drop transmission spectra of the resonator are reconciled well with each other and also consistent well with the theoretical analysis.
In the paper, Coupled-resonator-induced-transparency (CRIT) phenomenon in a novel integrated on-chip optical resonator system is experimentally demonstrated. The system is composed of a four-ring resonator with 20 μm diameter on silicon, whose spectrum has a narrow transparency peak with low group velocity. The CRIT effect is observed in the optical coupled-resonator due to the classical destructive interference. This system can be used to study the slow and fast light experiments because of its simplicity and flexibility. In this work, a CRIT resonance with a quality factor of 7.2×104is demonstrated with the same cavity size and the power coupling of the system is 60%, which agree well with the theoretical analysis. The through and drop transmission spectra of the resonator are coincided well with each other.
The analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency in optical methods has shown great potential in slow light and sensing applications. Here, we experimentally demonstrated a coupled resonator induced transparency system with three cascaded ring coupled resonators in a silicon chip. The structure was modeled by using the transfer matrix method. Influences of various parameters including coupling ratio of couplers, waveguide loss and additional loss of couplers on transmission characteristic and group index have been investigated theoretically and numerically in detail. The transmission character of the system was measured by the vertical grating coupling method. The enhanced quality factor reached 1.22 × 10⁵. In addition, we further test the temperature performance of the device. The results provide a new method for the manipulation of light in highly integrated optical circuits and sensing applications.
A microring resonator consists of a ring side-coupled to a bus waveguide, where the light exchange is achieved by means of evanescent coupling mechanism.It is a strong candidate for integrated optics due to its advantage of compact size, cascadable input/output ports, and the compatibility of CMOS fabrication.The microring resonator can be used to create many interesting phenomena that are difficult to obtain in other classical configurations.This thesis focuses on the theoretical analysis and experimental realization of induced transparency in optical devices derived from ring resonators.In this thesis, I propose a ring-bus-ring Mach-Zehnder interferometer (RBRMZI) system based on a 3×3 coupler, and show that such a system can generate an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like spectrum via phase engineering facilitated by interpathways interference between RBR and MZI, instead of separate light interaction in two resonators alone.Both the transfer matrix formalism and the temporal coupled mode theory are investigated to model this induced transparency.The relationship between the two theories is obtained via the energy-conservation and Q-factors.In addition, the EIT-like spectrum in the RBRMZI is experimentally realized using silicon-oninsulator technology.The best RBRMZI device has a transparency with a bandwidth of 0.25nm, a free spectral range of 12nm and a Q-factor of ~6300.With further measurements of the devices having strong ring-bus coupling, we obtain a Q~18000 when the circumference of one ring is 43.4μm and the circumference of the other ring is slightly detuned by ~0.035%.Moreover, we achieve a roundtrip loss as small as ~0.5% of the input energy.The measurement results agree well with theoretical prediction and 2D-FDTD numerical calculations.
The phenomena of induced transparency, with the typical examples of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic media and those based on coupled optical resonators, have attracted tremendous interest since their discoveries. Owing to the limitations of the involved physical elements, however, near-100\% transmissions were reported under highly demanding experimental conditions. With a structure of three linearly coupled optical resonators, an active one carrying optical gain and two passive ones simply with dissipation, we demonstrate that a transmitted light field can become completely transparent through the structure, which displays all properties similar to those of EIT. It is due to a destructive interference mechanism that totally eliminates the intracavity field in the dissipative resonator directly coupled to the transmitted field of any feasible power, when the coupling strength of two other resonators is tuned across a point determined by their associated gain and loss rates. This mechanism works for all possible coupling strengths of the dark resonator with the input field and its neighboring resonator, as well as for any available quality factor from its fabrication. The transparency window size and output field intensity can be freely adjusted by tuning two inter-cavity couplings of wide ranges, without modifying the built-in optical gain which can be just slightly stronger than the dissipation of the active resonator.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a phenomenon where a narrow transparency window appears within an absorption band of a material due to quantum interference. This effect has significant applications in various fields, including slow light devices, optical filters, and sensors. This paper compares three prominent EIT implementation resonator structures: single direct-coupled, double coupler add-drop, standard double resonator (SDR), coupled ring reflector (CRR) and self-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW). We analyze their underlying mechanisms, performance characteristics, and suitability for different applications, supported by recent research from 2020 onwards. We also present simulated transmission spectra, using Lumerical Interconnect, for each configuration to visually illustrate their distinct features.