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Instrumentation Science & Technology

Characteristics of slow light from coupled fiber ring resonators

Xu Liu, Qi Wang, Chunyue Li, Chengwu Zhao, Yong Zhao

Published Aug 21, 2015• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This article optimizes the conditions for the formation of slow light produced by coupled fiber ring resonators. Investigated parameters include the number of rings, ring length, splitting ratio of couplers, and ring losses. The optimized parameters included two rings in the resonator, equal length of the rings, and splitting ratios of 90:10 and 50:50 for the couplers. Under these conditions, a slow light delay time of 32.0668 ns was achieved, which corresponds to a group velocity of 3.43 × 107 m/s.

DOI
10.1080/10739149.2015.1082071

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This article optimizes the conditions for the formation of slow light produced by coupled fiber ring resonators. Investigated parameters include the number of rings, ring length, splitting ratio of couplers, and ring losses. The optimized parameters included two rings in the resonator, equal length of the rings, and splitting ratios of 90:10 and 50:50 for the couplers. Under these conditions, a slow light delay time of 32.0668 ns was achieved, which corresponds to a group velocity of 3.43 × 107 m/s.
This paper proposes a ring-out-ring structure of coupled optical resonators to yield coupled-resonator-induced transparency (CRIT). Considering the insertion loss of the coupler, it theoretically deduces the transmission and the effective phase shift. The influences of the insertion loss of the coupler on the transmittance, the effective phase shift, the group index and the CRIT linewidth are fully studied. We find that the increase in multiple m can effectively enhance the normal dispersion and the group index of the proposed structure. Moreover, the specific expression of the group index at resonance is theoretically deduced and discussed for the proposed structure with two rings. The result shows that the multiple m between the lengths of ring 1 and ring 2 can enhance the group index to m times that of the structure with two equal-sized rings at resonance. The control of slow light in the proposed structure is important for applications of highly sensitivity gyroscopes, optical delay lines and optical buffers, etc.
We observe both superluminal and slow light propagation simultaneously in a nested fiber ring resonator. The two outputs of the resonator exhibit different absorption characteristics that produce opposite dispersion performance. The transmission spectra of two outputs are demonstrated experimentally for a variety of coupler settings. In particular, the group delays of the resonator for various values of the coupling coefficients are demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. We also discuss potential applications of the resonator.
Coupled double-ring resonators (CDRRs) have comprehensive performance–parameter relations. Through finding and analyzing derivatives of group delay and transmittance of CDRRs with respect to coupling coefficients and amplitude transmission factors, influences of these parameters on group delay and transmittance at different conditions are investigated. Combing the parameter conditions for fast or slow light as mode splitting appears, comprehensive performance–parameter relations are provided to illustrate the status of group velocity control and trends of group delay and transmittance variations simultaneously. These relations can be used as a straightforward guidance for parameter choice and optimization of CDRRs for group velocity control applications.
We investigate the phase and group delay in eye-like ring resonator with the effect of different coupling coefficients and attenuation factors. The eye-like structure is composed of two bus waveguides coupling with the outer ring and the two rings coupling together which have the same perimeters. The eye-like ring resonator has two outputs which have different transmission characteristics. In this paper, we measure the group delay of the two outputs through changing the coupling coefficients and the attenuation factors of the inner and the outer ring. The result shows that the two outputs have reverse group delay (superluminal and slow light) which will have potential use in slow light fiber, optical buffers and optical switches.
Resonator structures have been proposed and modified as a method of reducing the group velocity of light for optical buffering in telecommunication field. This makes the characterization and optimization of the method become important to apply. In this paper, the characterization of vertically coupler resonator is modified by investigating its geometrical parameters. The modified models with conical rod portion as the slow light structure is described where the group velocity parameters are varied. The results found that the separation gap between fibers, lg and the rod radius, a are significant in reducing the group velocity of light through such a system in the case of lossless resonators.
The influence of grating length and fringe visibility for slow light of fiber Bragg gratings were investigated by numerical simulation method,and slow light after optimizing the parameters was proposed emphatically.The results showed that the slow light delay increases with grating length and modulation depth,and change rates increases gradually.A certain bandwidth of resonance peaks on both sides of the side lobe and the peak top become extremely flattened.The slow light delay curves are red-shifted and short wave strengths increase to the opposite direction.The right side of the center frequency spectrum side band has a great vibration.By optimizing the structure parameters,the maximum group velocity can be lowed to c/98.This provides theoretical basis for designing the slow light devices based on fiber Bragg gratings.