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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Optical measurement of the phase shift introduced by a slow-light medium based on coupled erbium-doped fiber resonators

Yannick Dumeige, Thị Kim Ngân Nguyên, Laura Ghişa, Stéphane Trebaol, Patrice Féron

Published Jan 8, 2008• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Since the proposition of D.D. Smith et al. [Phys. Rev. A 69 pp. 063804, 2004], the experimental demonstration of coupled resonator induced transparency has been made using passive fiber or whispering-gallery-mode microspheres. These demonstrations show that it is possible to integrate delay lines using high quality resonators. The maximal group delay that it can be introduced depends mainly on the relative value of the intrinsic losses with respect to the value of the coupling between the resonators. In this paper we experimentally show that the limit given by the intrinsic losses of the resonators can be circumvented by using active resonators. Our experimental setup consists in two coupled Er3+ doped fiber resonators. Each resonator can be pumped independently. Consequently, the values of the residual losses in the two resonators can also be modified independently. We then show that the transparency of the coupled resonators can be maximized using the right pumping rate in each resonator. By inserting this device into one arm of a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer we are able to optically measure the phase shift produced by the coupled resonators as a function of the optical frequency. The group delay can be deduced from this information.

DOI
10.1117/12.763552

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Since the proposition of D.D. Smith et al. [Phys. Rev. A 69 pp. 063804, 2004], the experimental demonstration of coupled resonator induced transparency has been made using passive fiber or whispering-gallery-mode microspheres. These demonstrations show that it is possible to integrate delay lines using high quality resonators. The maximal group delay that it can be introduced depends mainly on the relative value of the intrinsic losses with respect to the value of the coupling between the resonators. In this paper we experimentally show that the limit given by the intrinsic losses of the resonators can be circumvented by using active resonators. Our experimental setup consists in two coupled Er3+ doped fiber resonators. Each resonator can be pumped independently. Consequently, the values of the residual losses in the two resonators can also be modified independently. We then show that the transparency of the coupled resonators can be maximized using the right pumping rate in each resonator. By inserting this device into one arm of a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer we are able to optically measure the phase shift produced by the coupled resonators as a function of the optical frequency. The group delay can be deduced from this information.
The experimental demonstration of coupled resonator induced transparency has been made using passive fiber or WGM microspheres. The maximal group delay introduced depends mainly on the relative value of the intrinsic losses with respect to the value of the coupling between the resonators. Our experimental setup consists in two coupled Er3+ doped fiber resonators. By pumping each resonator independently, the values of the residual losses in the two resonators can be modified and the transparency maximized using the right pumping rate. We measure the phase shift produced by the coupled resonators and deduce the group delay.
We demonstrate experimentally coupled active-resonator-induced transparency in a fiber system. We show that the use of Er3+{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}Er3+-doped fibers can compensate for the optical losses leading to a high transparency of the system. Using a Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer, we measure the dispersion properties of our coupled active resonators under different pumping rates. We show that the active feature of the system allows us to engineer the different orders of its artificial dispersion. This experimental demonstration shows the potential of active coupled resonators for dispersion tailoring and slow-light applications.
We study both theoretically and experimentally the dispersive properties of single or coupled active resonators. In the case of single resonator systems, we present a simple experimental protocol which allows us to obtain in detail its coupling regime and thus their dispersive properties. We show that the active coupled systems offer some degrees of freedom to tailor the high dispersion orders. All the propositions are experimentally tested using a model system made of Er 3 + doped fiber ring resonators. These artificial media could be used as tunable or amplifying compact optical delay lines. We also show that the proposed experimental protocol can be applied to passive whispering gallery mode resonators.
We report the experimental observation of dispersion transition from abnormal dispersion (fast light) to normal dispersion (slow light) in a side-coupled ring resonator. We reveal that the transition from fast light to slow light can occur, when the tuned loss of the resonator results in the experience from the undercoupled regime to the overcoupled regime. Also, we experimentally fabricate the fiber side-coupled ring resonator, and measure the group delay of the resonator by coupling the resonator to a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The measured experimental results demonstrate the dispersion transition, and are in good agreement with the corresponding theoretical results. The sidecoupled resonator with the tunable dispersion (group delay) can exploited for optical storage devices, slow light Fourier transform (FT) interferometric spectrometers, white light cavities (WLCs), optical switches, optical routers, and optical sensors.
This paper proposes a ring-out-ring structure of coupled optical resonators to yield coupled-resonator-induced transparency (CRIT). Considering the insertion loss of the coupler, it theoretically deduces the transmission and the effective phase shift. The influences of the insertion loss of the coupler on the transmittance, the effective phase shift, the group index and the CRIT linewidth are fully studied. We find that the increase in multiple m can effectively enhance the normal dispersion and the group index of the proposed structure. Moreover, the specific expression of the group index at resonance is theoretically deduced and discussed for the proposed structure with two rings. The result shows that the multiple m between the lengths of ring 1 and ring 2 can enhance the group index to m times that of the structure with two equal-sized rings at resonance. The control of slow light in the proposed structure is important for applications of highly sensitivity gyroscopes, optical delay lines and optical buffers, etc.
We theoretically demonstrate the transmittion spectra and dispersion characteristics based on the electromagnetically induced transparency like effect in the nested fiber double-ring resonator with the transfer matrix theory; the system which are connected by three directional couplers consists of two inner rings, one outer ring and one straight waveguide. The simulation results show that the tunable group delay can be realized by changing the coupling coefficients. In the NDRR coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer system, we obtained fast light and slow light simultaneously. By adjusting appropriate parameters, we can archive flat band group delay curve that has a profound application in optical interferometer, optical buffer, optical filter, optical modulator, dynamic or static optical sensing field.