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Superconductive Microwave Single-Flux-Quantum Digital Circuits and Corresponding Opto-Electronic Interfaces: On-Going Studies and First Experimental Results

Pascal Febvre, Siham Badi, Torsten Reich, Thomas Ortlepp, Hermann F. Uhlmann

Published Jul 13, 2005• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Superconductive microwave rapid single-flux-quantum (RSFQ) digital circuits offer the possibility to digitally process signals in the frequency range of tens of GHz. An example of application to bring the advantages of this technology deals with digital SQUIDs, used for sensitive magnetometry with a broadband dynamics connected to a slew-rate in the GHz range. First recently obtained results of digital SQUID operation, based on Nb/Al-Al2O3/Nb shunted Josephson junctions, are presented in this article. In order to obtain the best performance of RSFQ circuits, and especially to push their speed at its limits, a precise diagnostic of such circuits is needed. We are developing a time-resolved diagnostic system based on sensitive photoconductive switches to sample the weak signals coming out of RSFQ circuits at cryogenic temperature. This system includes two different sorts of opto-RSFQ interfaces, based on superconducting and semiconducting materials, respectively. Some simulation results in the microwave range, along with measurements giving the potentialities of different photoswitches are presented.

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•Sep 25, 2014•0 citations
Superconductive microwave rapid single-flux-quantum (RSFQ) digital circuits offer the possibility to digitally process signals in the frequency range of tens of GHz. An example of application to bring the advantages of this technology deals with digital SQUIDs, used for sensitive magnetometry with a broadband dynamics connected to a slew-rate in the GHz range. First recently obtained results of digital SQUID operation, based on Nb/Al-Al2O3/Nb shunted Josephson junctions, are presented in this article. In order to obtain the best performance of RSFQ circuits, and especially to push their speed at its limits, a precise diagnostic of such circuits is needed. We are developing a time-resolved diagnostic system based on sensitive photoconductive switches to sample the weak signals coming out of RSFQ circuits at cryogenic temperature. This system includes two different sorts of opto-RSFQ interfaces, based on superconducting and semiconducting materials, respectively. Some simulation results in the microwave range, along with measurements giving the potentialities of different photoswitches are presented.
Superconductive rapid single-flux-quantum (RSFQ) circuits are able to work in a digital mode with clock frequencies of tens to hundreds of GHz. They rely on shunted Josephson junctions assembled with thin films inductors. To date, there is no on-the-shelf instrumentation apparatus which allows to directly verify the digital operation of such circuits in the 100 GHz range and above. Nevertheless, it is of importance of being able to sample the output of RSFQ circuits, and RSFQ pulses themselves, in a time-resolved manner at ultrafast speed, in order to get direct information about the RSFQ circuit behavior and for some specific applications. At this stage, we want to prove that RSFQ circuits can be correctly triggered through optical means, i.e. with a femtosecond Ti-Sa pulsed laser synchronized with a readout setup. Superconducting bridges of different dimensions, based on niobium films, have been designed to act as photoswitches. They have been included in a microwave custom-made circuit connected to a simple RSFQ processing circuit based on the 1 kA/cm2JeSEF RSFQ process of IPHT Jena [1]. The design of different geometries is presented, along with the expected electrical features of the bridges and RSFQ circuits. Preliminary experimental results are also given.
Rapid-Single-Flux-Quantum (RSFQ) digital circuits based on shunted Josephson junctions have been shown to be able to digitally process signals up to several hundreds GHz. The principle of operation is based on the generation, transport and processing of picosecond voltage pulses of 2.07 mV.ps quantized area, which corresponds to one quantum flux h/2e. Operation of RSFQ circuits can be performed with clock frequencies of the order of 20 to 50 GHz with present technology. We will present current developments and experimental results obtained so far, based on circuits developed in the JeSEF RSFQ process of IPHT Jena, using a 1 kA/cm2 shunted Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb junctions. Some particular potential applications for space will be emphasized
The main goal of this work is to evaluate theoretically and experimentally the properties of ultrafast opto-superconducting interfaces used to trigger superconducting digital RSFQ circuits externally and to read the outcoming signal from the rapid single-flux-quantum (RSFQ) circuits. To do this, optoelectronics sampling techniques based on a Ti-Sa femtosecond pulsed laser are used. In a first step, miscellaneous Josephson junction-based devices (series of junctions, SQUIDS, simple RSFQ circuits) have been measured to evaluate the properties of the superconductive devices. In particular, I-V curves and magnetic diffraction patterns curves have been obtained. Since the picosecond pulses carried by the RSFQ circuits are weak, of the order of 1 mV or less, the interfaces with the external world have to be carefully designed. Therefore, the potentialities of different photoconductive switches for ultrafast and sensitive detection of picosecond pulses emitted by superconducting digital circuits are evaluated. To do so, a study of the influence of different electrical parameters associated to the geometry of photoswitches electrodes deposited on LT-GaAs materials is performed. The electrical response of dc-biased photoswitches illuminated by femtosecond pulses from a pulsed 800 nm Ti-Sa laser has been calculated for different geometries of electrodes. Using electro-optical sampling techniques, the response of some photoswitches are currently being measured.
Key digital circuits for signal processing with tens of gigahertz speed and a few microwatts power dissipation have been recently demonstrated using a simple, 2 /spl mu/m linewidth process. These are the fastest digital circuits reported to date. These circuits use novel rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) technology that takes advantage of the fundamental properties of superconductivity. In this technology, data and clock are picosecond-long quantized voltage pulses corresponding to the transfer of single magnetic flux quanta, /spl Phisub 0/=h/2e=2 mVps. These SFQ pulses are regenerated at each gate and are processed by circuits comprised of overdamped Josephson junctions interconnected via microstrip inductances. The inherent internal memory of all RSFQ gates (primarily flip-flops), combined with high switching speed, makes serial, bit-pipelined circuit design advantageous. This paper presents experiments in RSFQ digital circuits, including an N/spl times/8b serial multiplier, and on-chip test systems based on RSFQ shift registers and on SFQ samplers. They enable test and study of RSFQ circuits at full GHz speed while communicating with semiconductor electronics at low speed.>
A new generation of the Josephson digital circuits-rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) devices-based on overdamped externally shunted high quality Nb-AlO x -Nb tunnel junctions have been designed, fabricated and experimentally investigated. All-refractory material 11-layer 5 mu m integrated technology has been successfully employed for the preparation of the RSFQ microcircuits. The T flip-flop has been demonstrated to operate properly up to clock frequencies of 100 GHz at 25% margins. The proper operation of the buffer stage for a one-directional SFQ pulse transmission at clock frequencies up to 125 GHz has been achieved. The possibilities to convert the information from the usual DC form to SFQ and vice versa have been demonstrated. An output signal in an SFQ/DC converter as high as 220 mu V has been measured. A new counter type A/D converter which includes a comparator and reversible binary counter with DC outputs has been fabricated and tested. The proposed ADC seems to be very promising for high-accuracy measurement of medium-bandwidth signals. The possibilities of creating a number of SFQ devices with outstanding parameters are discussed.
Superconducting Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) circuits have the ability to perform digital operation with clock signals in the microwave frequency range. The clock signal can be either generated on-chip via Josephson oscillators, or injected externally through microwave lines. We have investigated several configurations to digitize and process on-chip microwave signals for space-based applications, based on the European FLUXONICS Foundry with a niobium-based technology that can opearate at clock frequencies in the 30-40 GHz range. This presentation will focus on the main features of the technology, the expected performances for specific applications and the current status of experimental results of several circuits measured at 4K. It will also feature prospects and expectations, based on circuits already designed and in preparation.