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The Japan Society of Applied Physics

Timing jitter characterization of superconducting nanowire single photon detector by means of superconducting single flux quantum circuit

Shigehito Miki, Masahiro Yabuno, Shigeyuki Miyajima, Taro Yamashita, Takashi Yamamoto, Robert A. Kirkwood, Robert H. Hadfield, Hirotaka Terai

Published Feb 3, 2017• 0 citations
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Abstract We propose a new time discriminating method based on a single-flux quantum (SFQ) circuit to realize a high time-resolved single-photon detection scheme that uses a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SSPD). The timing discriminator consists of an SFQ comparator and an interface circuit for converting the output signals of an SSPD into SFQ pulses. Prior to connecting with the SSPD, we evaluated the timing jitters of the SFQ timing discriminator itself by applying external electrical pulses. The timing jitters of the SFQ timing discriminator were found to be dominated by the timing jitters in the interface circuit. However, it was estimated to be below 10 ps even with an input pulse amplitude of 20 μ A, which is close to the typical output amplitude of the SSPD.
We report on the timing jitter characterization of the superconducting single flux quantum (SFQ) coincidence circuit, which is an essential component of the superconducting coincidence photon counter. Two superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SSPDs), each of which is irradiated with optically time-controlled photons, are connected to the SFQ coincidence circuit, and the timing jitter of the SFQ circuit is evaluated by changing the relative time delay between two input ports for the SFQ comparator unit. We successfully observe the transition curve of the probability of obtaining the signal from the SFQ coincidence circuit by sweeping photon arrival time to each SSPD and confirm that this curve shifts temporally upon changing the bias current to the Josephson transmission line (JTL) in the SFQ circuit. A systematic investigation reveals that the relation between time delay and the bias current to JTL can be estimated. The full width half maximum timing jitter of the SFQ circuit is 1.1 ps, which is sufficiently low so that it does not influence the entire timing jitter of the coincidence photon counter.
We demonstrate the successful operation of a multielement superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SSPD) array integrated with a single-flux-quantum (SFQ) readout circuit in a compact 0.1 W Gifford-McMahon cryocooler. A time-resolved readout technique, where output signals from each element enter the SFQ readout circuit with finite time intervals, revealed crosstalk-free operation of the four-element SSPD array connected with the SFQ readout circuit. The timing jitter and the system detection efficiency were measured to be 50 ps and 11.4%, respectively, which were comparable to the performance of practical single-pixel SSPD systems.