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Политематический сетевой электронный научный журнал Кубанского государственного аграрного университета

Моделирование оптических импульсных сигналов в квантово-криптографических системах связи

Лойко Валерий Иванович, Кулиш Ольга Александровна, Шарифуллин Сергей Равильевич, Хисамов Франгиз Гильфанетдинович, Чернуха Юрий Владимирович, Пшеничный Игорь Сергеевич

Published Jan 1, 2016• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

It is necessary to know exact value of the full dispersion of waveguides, which leads to broadening and reduction of pulse amplitude for modeling laser radiation passage in quantum cryptography systems. The operation purpose was obtaining of dependences on a wavelength of various dispersion types according to the Sellmeier’ sequationand optical pulse radiation modelling in quantum communication systems. Dependences of the material, waveguide and chromatic dispersions on length of a wave according to the Sellmeier’s equation which allows to consider an optical fiber’s material are received. Distribution of a cryptographic impulse through fiber-optical communication lines of various extent is simulated

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It is necessary to know exact value of the full dispersion of waveguides, which leads to broadening and reduction of pulse amplitude for modeling laser radiation passage in quantum cryptography systems. The operation purpose was obtaining of dependences on a wavelength of various dispersion types according to the Sellmeier’ sequationand optical pulse radiation modelling in quantum communication systems. Dependences of the material, waveguide and chromatic dispersions on length of a wave according to the Sellmeier’s equation which allows to consider an optical fiber’s material are received. Distribution of a cryptographic impulse through fiber-optical communication lines of various extent is simulated
This article contains: • Analysis of the results of the review of available publications. • Proposals for simple modeling tools of quantum cryptography with a reasonable degree of adequacy. • In particular, a description of the proposal which, according to the authors further complicates unau­thorized access to data transmitted on the quantum communication lines. • The main source of vulnerability of cryptographic communication lines is the need to transfer the key Opened channels. • The need for additional time loss for the procedure: Analysis of a random site in the keys. Repetition of the assay procedure, if the error rate is great. When designing modifications authors started from the next: As you know, trying to intercept the message leads to a change in the state of particles that will reveal a violation of the secrecy of transmission. It is impossible to get all the information about a quantum object, and therefore, it is impossible to seamlessly copy. However, access is possible with the replacement of the useful radiation noise. The proposed modification increases the robustness and integrity.
Для моделирования прохождения лазерного излучения в системах квантовой криптографии необходимо знать точное значение полной дисперсии волноводов, которая приводит к уширению и уменьшению амплитуды импульса.Целью работы являлось получение зависимостей различных видов дисперсии волоконных линий в квантовых системах связи от длины волны с учетом уравнения Селмейера и моделирование оптического импульсного излучения в квантово криптографических системах.Получены зависимости материальной, волноводной и хроматической дисперсий от длины волны с учетом формулы Селмейера, которая позволяет учесть материал оптического волокна.Смоделировано распространение криптографического импульса через волоконнооптические линии связи различной протяженности It is necessary to know exact value of the full dispersion of waveguides, which leads to broadening and reduction of pulse amplitude for modeling laser radiation passage in quantum cryptography systems.The operation purpose was obtaining of dependences on a wavelength of various dispersion types according to the Sellmeier' sequationand optical pulse radiation modelling in quantum communication systems.Dependences of the material, waveguide and chromatic dispersions on length of a wave according to the Sellmeier's equation which allows to consider an optical fiber's material are received.Distribution of a cryptographic impulse through fiber-optical communication lines of various extent is simulated
The analysis of the performance indicators fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL) using quantum technology based on the architectural concept of NGN (Next Generation Network) and future networks FN (Future Networks) for the construction highly efficient optical telecommunication networks supporting a wide range cryptographic resistance. Threats of unauthorized access, denial of service, loss information, cryptographic methods and algorithms for information protection are considered. Complex criteria of FOCL efficiency using such quantum technologies as network performance using WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) technology, information security characteristics when using quantum cryptography protocols, taking into account resistance to various threats, informative characteristics photon sources are selected. A new approach is proposed for the study and assessment of complex indicators complex optical information protection systems and effective control of a set quantum key distribution systems for fiber-optic communication lines. The functioning of the investigated FOCL using quantum technology based on the principles "Point-to-point" network topology, which allows organizing a quantum information and service channel, is considered. On the basis of the proposed approach, the efficiency quantum key distribution, the capabilities quantum cryptography protocols under the influence of photon number splitting attack (PNS-Photon Number Splitting Attack) and the information entropy of the characteristics of sources of optical photon qubit fluxes are investigated. Analytical expressions are obtained for assessing the complex indicators of the information security system when using quantum key distribution (QKD) for FOCL. On the basis of the new approach, a numerical analysis was carried out and a graphical dependence of the information entropy of the packet on the packet length in qubits was constructed for the given transfer characteristics of the FOCL. It was found that an increase in the limited packet length in bits, which meets the requirements reliability and efficiency of the operation FOCL system, leads to an increase in the value information entropy as a fraction of the packet, at a given bit rate of the network.
A mathematical model of communications channel that transfers data by means of separate photons having different polarization has been developed. The expression for calculating of optic fiber throughput has been obtained that takes into account probabilities of depolarization and absorption of radiation photon. As a result of implemented simulation it has been found that data throughput depends on the length of optic fiber. It has been established that photon absorption as compared with its depolarization contributes greatly to the size of optic fiber throughput.
Already today, quantum communications networks are being actively deployed and created in Russia and around the world, and standards in the field of quantum technologies are being developed. As part of the roadmap for the development of quantum communications in Russia, the length of quantum networks is more than 7 thousand km, and by 2030 it is planned to be more than 15 thousand km. Quantum communications today are, in fact, a technology of quantum key distribution, which is at the stage of intensive scientific research and development. With regard to backbone quantum networks, the technology of secret key distribution requires new approaches to implementation, since the use of equipment from various vendors and the length of fiber-optic communication lines impose surmountable restrictions on the topology of backbone networks. An important aspect in the design of quantum networks is the calculation of losses in optical communication channels. Attenuations introduced by various passive and active elements are usually calculated individually for each section of the network and ultimately form a comprehensive energy model. The article considers several topologies of backbone quantum networks and presents the calculation of optical losses for fiber-optic communication channels of these topologies. In general, a method for detecting an optical signal in quantum communication networks is presented. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of energy models of backbone quantum networks and a presentation of a variant of implementing a section of an urban quantum network. The work describes a generalized principle of operation of a quantum key distribution system both in a two-pass version and in a single-pass configuration. The results of the analysis of the energy model and the calculation of average losses in a quantum channel are presented. In conclusion, we propose for consideration a possible variant of the topology of a quantum network.