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International Workshop on Optoelectronic Physics and Technology

To the question of quantum cryptography transmission system with polarized coding development

Р. И. Цехмистро, A.N. Kostuk

Published Jun 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

There is analysed the existing methods of stability increase for key transmission of quantum cryptographic optical communication system with polarized coding. Also there is estimated the mode dispersion delay for the modern optical fibers, used in communication system range 150-200 km, in comparison to coherency interval of semiconductor lasers, based on GaAs. The recommendations of optic using of optical fibers and lasers for real quantum cryptography systems are given.

DOI
10.1109/opt.2007.4298547

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There is analysed the existing methods of stability increase for key transmission of quantum cryptographic optical communication system with polarized coding. Also there is estimated the mode dispersion delay for the modern optical fibers, used in communication system range 150-200 km, in comparison to coherency interval of semiconductor lasers, based on GaAs. The recommendations of optic using of optical fibers and lasers for real quantum cryptography systems are given.
The existing means for increasing of transmission stability in quantum and fiber optic telecommunication systems with polarization encoding are analyzed. It is suggested the evaluation of signal propagation delay incurred by dispersion inherent to the present-day fiber optic applied in the systems of transmission up to 150...2000 km as compared to the coherence interval of GaAs semiconductor lasers. Recommendations on optimal application of optical fiber and laser in practically used quantum cryptographic transmission systems with polarization encoding are provided.
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We have recently constructed a fiber-optic “plug and play” quantum cryptography system as shown in Fig.1, wherein a Faraday-Mirror was used to compensate the polarization mode dispersion and phase drifts. It worked at 1550 nm and was based on the B92 protocol[1]. We have achieved stable quantum key distribution in a standard telecom fiber with different working-distances of 10, 25 and 50 km, respectively, by using some specifically developed techniques to guarantee long-term stability of our system, such as polarization-independent phase-modulation for stable phase encoding and decoding, hybrid coincidence for efficient detection of single photons with coincidence-gated quenching of the single-photon detectors followed by coincident counting of the avalanche signals, and synchronized detection of single-photon pulses by coincidence counting gated with proper delay and width. These unique techniques greatly enhanced the fringe visibility of single-photon interference. And we have also demonstrated the application of our system in cryptographic communication by sending coded pictures from Alice to Bob using the sifted quantum keys.
The rapid increase on the information sharing around the world, leads to an utmost requirement for capacity and bandwidth. However, the need for security in the transmission and storage of information is also of major importance. The use of quantum technologies provides a practical solution for secure communications systems. Quantum key distribution (QKD) was the first practical application of quantum mechanics, and nowadays it is the most developed one. In order to share secret keys between two parties can be used several methods of encoding. Due to its simplicity, the encoding into polarization is one of the most used. However, when we use optical fibers as transmission channels, the polarization suffers random rotations that may change the state of polarization (SOP) of the light initially sent to the fiber to a new one at the output. Thus, in order to enable real-time communication using this encoding method it is required the use of a dynamic control system. We describe a scheme of transmission of quantum information, which is based in the polarization encoding, and that allows to share secret keys through optical fibers without interruption. The dynamic polarization control system used in such scheme is described, both theoretically and experimentally. Their advantages and limitations for the use in quantum communications are presented and discussed.