This article contains: • Analysis of the results of the review of available publications. • Proposals for simple modeling tools of quantum cryptography with a reasonable degree of adequacy. • In particular, a description of the proposal which, according to the authors further complicates unauthorized access to data transmitted on the quantum communication lines. • The main source of vulnerability of cryptographic communication lines is the need to transfer the key Opened channels. • The need for additional time loss for the procedure: Analysis of a random site in the keys. Repetition of the assay procedure, if the error rate is great. When designing modifications authors started from the next: As you know, trying to intercept the message leads to a change in the state of particles that will reveal a violation of the secrecy of transmission. It is impossible to get all the information about a quantum object, and therefore, it is impossible to seamlessly copy. However, access is possible with the replacement of the useful radiation noise. The proposed modification increases the robustness and integrity.
This article contains: • Analysis of the results of the review of available publications. • Proposals for simple modeling tools of quantum cryptography with a reasonable degree of adequacy. • In particular, a description of the proposal which, according to the authors further complicates unauthorized access to data transmitted on the quantum communication lines. • The main source of vulnerability of cryptographic communication lines is the need to transfer the key Opened channels. • The need for additional time loss for the procedure: Analysis of a random site in the keys. Repetition of the assay procedure, if the error rate is great. When designing modifications authors started from the next: As you know, trying to intercept the message leads to a change in the state of particles that will reveal a violation of the secrecy of transmission. It is impossible to get all the information about a quantum object, and therefore, it is impossible to seamlessly copy. However, access is possible with the replacement of the useful radiation noise. The proposed modification increases the robustness and integrity.
Quantum cryptography is a relatively new but promising method for secure data transmission. Today it is believed that it can ensure the absolute secrecy of data, resulting from the principles of quantum physics, on which it is based, namely the uncertainty principle of quantum Heisenberg. According to this principle cannot measure any aspect of photons without distorting thus irrevocably different option. That is the recipient of a message knows when attempting invasion in this necessarily knows.To create a quantum communication channel often use fiber optic lines or open space in which carriers serve single photons or pairs of entangled photons are often used.Three tasks facing cryptography are:1. Ensuring the confidentiality of messages sent via open communication channels.2. Authentication messages that confirm the validity of the information received and sent.3. Installing intrusion in fact, if it took place.Given the importance of information security, quantum cryptography technology will soon be available not only banks or large corporations but also individuals. Leading IT companies are in search of optimum circuit solutions that would produce industrial equipment for the transmission of confidential information available for mass use. The main obstacles for implementation of quantum cryptography methods are short distances, which can transmit information with modern facilities, high cost and cumbersome equipment. To solve these problems prompted the idea of creating a hybrid air-fiber system using satellite communications is proposed. The use of artificial satellites for the transmission of photons through the air opens the possibility of secret key clients in any part of the Earth and even beyond.It is also appropriate to review the possibility of using existing telecommunication and electrical networks for the transmission of quantum keys. The ideas p presented in the paper, open new space for scientific experiments.
Purpose of the article: development of new methods, algorithms and models to detect unauthorized actions of an intruder/s in relation to broadcast data represented in the form of one-photon pure states of light particles, which will allow: to strengthen the secrecy of basic security keys, improve procedures for data exchange and processing by legitimate users of the telecommunications system, expand the functionality of existing technological solutions in their classic representation. Research method: system analysis, information security assessment method. The result: risks of critical system errors for procedures of basic states measurement results matching and supposed potential possibilities of attacker to realize vulnerabilities through active phase of attacks with explicit critical outcome are presented. It is established that translation of mixed single-photon states and imposition on receiving hardware is explicitly uncontrolled, unaccountable and not contained in any algorithm of quantum protocols, which, according to the authors, is the most critical vulnerability of modern cryptographic systems based on quantum mechanics. A way to solve problems of “silent” scanning and to counteract hidden active attacks on quantum channel and particle states is proposed. The essence of the solution consists in non-orthogonality of states of a random basis vector and duplication of a main communication channel containing an information path on pulse signals broadcasting, where a known number of synchro-sentences in a backup line allows to trace an attacker. Fundamental is the knowledge of the primary-natural errors occurring at each of the stages of the formation of the main security key.
The article is devoted to the study of quantum cryptography methods and their application in modern communication systems in order to ensure the security of secret data transmission. Such methods can include quantum key distribution, quantum cryptography on continuous variables, quantum networks, quantum digital signing and quantum secret sharing. The main protocols of these methods, the steps and results of their application, as well as advantages, such as the impossibility of interception of keys, detection of interception attempts, a large volume of transmitted information, a high level of security, the use of quantum phenomena, the impossibility of forgery, a guarantee of message integrity, multi-party security are considered. The study includes an analysis of quantum cryptography methods, as well as consideration of the possibilities of applying these methods to ensure the security of confidential information transmission.
Quantum cryptography is a relatively new but promising method for secure data transmission. Today it is believed that it can ensure the absolute secrecy of data, resulting from the principles of quantum physics, on which it is based, namely the uncertainty principle of quantum Heisenberg. According to this principle cannot measure any aspect of photons without distorting thus irrevocably different option. That is the recipient of a message knows when attempting invasion in this necessarily knows.To create a quantum communication channel often use fiber optic lines or open space in which carriers serve single photons or pairs of entangled photons are often used.Three tasks facing cryptography are:1. Ensuring the confidentiality of messages sent via open communication channels.2. Authentication messages that confirm the validity of the information received and sent.3. Installing intrusion in fact, if it took place.Given the importance of information security, quantum cryptography technology will soon be available not only banks or large corporations but also individuals. Leading IT companies are in search of optimum circuit solutions that would produce industrial equipment for the transmission of confidential information available for mass use. The main obstacles for implementation of quantum cryptography methods are short distances, which can transmit information with modern facilities, high cost and cumbersome equipment. To solve these problems prompted the idea of creating a hybrid air-fiber system using satellite communications is proposed. The use of artificial satellites for the transmission of photons through the air opens the possibility of secret key clients in any part of the Earth and even beyond.It is also appropriate to review the possibility of using existing telecommunication and electrical networks for the transmission of quantum keys. The ideas p presented in the paper, open new space for scientific experiments.
Quantum cryptography protocols make it possible not only to ensure the protection of data transmitted in a communication channel from unauthorized access by intruders, but also to detect the existence of any attempted interception. This scientific direction is currently relevant, since it is related to the problem of security and data protection in current information and communication networks. The article is devoted to quantum cryptography; it describes the development of quantum protocols as quantum key distribution systems. Grounded on the laws of quantum mechanics, the elaboration of modifications of secure data transfer protocols is shown. The authors considered the best-known protocol to be BB84 of quantum key distribution; a more modern modification of this protocol is BB84 Info-Z. Comparative analysis of these has also been carried out. It has been established that the BB84-Info-Z quantum protocol works more efficiently than BB84 since its lower error threshold allows the interceptor to obtain much less information about the secret key. The authors put forward a new idea to improve the BB84 protocol (which has been quite outdated for almost 40 years), due to the increase in modern requirements for quantum cryptography protocols. The modification is called CSLOE-2022. It enables significant intensification of cryptographic strength and the entanglement degree of the interceptor (cryptanalyst), which greatly complicates the very possibility of intercepting information. The ultimate goal of the CSLOE-2022 modification is to complicate the eavesdropping process so much that it can be considered completely useless for an attacker in terms of wasting time and resources. The modification allows exceeding the known speed limit of key generation without repeaters since it uses two sources, the phases of which, in addition to the hundreds of kilometers of fiber between them, are very difficult to stabilize. Comparison of the protocols by working distance showed that for BB84, this distance does not exceed 70 km; for BB84-Info-Z it is similar, at no more than 70 km, and the modification of CSLOE-2022 proposed by the authors theoretically allows increasing the working distance of the quantum protocol to 511 km (7.3 times).
The security of cryptographic keys in quantum cryptography systems is guaranteed by fundamental quantum mechanical exclusion principles. A quantum channel through which quantum states are transferred is not controlled and an eavesdropper can perform any modifications with it. The security of quantum key distribution protocols has already been proved [M. Tomamichel et al., Nature Commun. 3 , 634 (2011); S. N. Molotkov, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 115 , 969 (2012)], including the realistic case of a finite length of transmitted sequences. It is always assumed that the eavesdropper has neither direct nor indirect access to the transmitting and receiving equipment. The real situation is somewhat different. The preparation and detection of quantum states occur according to random sequences that are generated on the transmitter and receiver sides. Detecting electromagnetic radiation generated in these processes, the eavesdropper can obtain additional information on a key. The upper quantum-mechanical bound on the amount of information of the eavesdropper on the key that can be obtained through a side channel has been determined.