The article is devoted to the study of quantum cryptography methods and their application in modern communication systems in order to ensure the security of secret data transmission. Such methods can include quantum key distribution, quantum cryptography on continuous variables, quantum networks, quantum digital signing and quantum secret sharing. The main protocols of these methods, the steps and results of their application, as well as advantages, such as the impossibility of interception of keys, detection of interception attempts, a large volume of transmitted information, a high level of security, the use of quantum phenomena, the impossibility of forgery, a guarantee of message integrity, multi-party security are considered. The study includes an analysis of quantum cryptography methods, as well as consideration of the possibilities of applying these methods to ensure the security of confidential information transmission.
The article is devoted to the study of quantum cryptography methods and their application in modern communication systems in order to ensure the security of secret data transmission. Such methods can include quantum key distribution, quantum cryptography on continuous variables, quantum networks, quantum digital signing and quantum secret sharing. The main protocols of these methods, the steps and results of their application, as well as advantages, such as the impossibility of interception of keys, detection of interception attempts, a large volume of transmitted information, a high level of security, the use of quantum phenomena, the impossibility of forgery, a guarantee of message integrity, multi-party security are considered. The study includes an analysis of quantum cryptography methods, as well as consideration of the possibilities of applying these methods to ensure the security of confidential information transmission.
Secure data exchange over the network is ensured by the requirements of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. To meet these requirements, sent data is encrypted on the sending side, and the received information is decrypted on the receiving side. Transmitted message is encrypted according to rules determined by the algorithm and key. Crypto security of encrypted information depends on the key length. Among the encryption algorithms, there are algorithms with a symmetric (private) key and with an asymmetric (public) key. Despite all the advantages of a private key, asymmetric keys are used to deliver it from one user to another (key distribution). However, high-performance quantum computers are capable to decrypt intercepted data. Therefore, modern cryptographic systems use quantum key distribution method. The idea of using quantum bits was proposed in 1970 by S. Wiesner. In 1984, Ch. Bennett and G. Brassard proposed the BB84 protocol. The use of «entangled » quanta for systems with quantum key distribution was offerred in 1991 by A. Eckert. All modern quantum cryptography systems are based on these above-mentioned protocols.
Quantum cryptography is a relatively new but promising method for secure data transmission. Today it is believed that it can ensure the absolute secrecy of data, resulting from the principles of quantum physics, on which it is based, namely the uncertainty principle of quantum Heisenberg. According to this principle cannot measure any aspect of photons without distorting thus irrevocably different option. That is the recipient of a message knows when attempting invasion in this necessarily knows.To create a quantum communication channel often use fiber optic lines or open space in which carriers serve single photons or pairs of entangled photons are often used.Three tasks facing cryptography are:1. Ensuring the confidentiality of messages sent via open communication channels.2. Authentication messages that confirm the validity of the information received and sent.3. Installing intrusion in fact, if it took place.Given the importance of information security, quantum cryptography technology will soon be available not only banks or large corporations but also individuals. Leading IT companies are in search of optimum circuit solutions that would produce industrial equipment for the transmission of confidential information available for mass use. The main obstacles for implementation of quantum cryptography methods are short distances, which can transmit information with modern facilities, high cost and cumbersome equipment. To solve these problems prompted the idea of creating a hybrid air-fiber system using satellite communications is proposed. The use of artificial satellites for the transmission of photons through the air opens the possibility of secret key clients in any part of the Earth and even beyond.It is also appropriate to review the possibility of using existing telecommunication and electrical networks for the transmission of quantum keys. The ideas p presented in the paper, open new space for scientific experiments.
The development of modern computer technologies endangers the confidentiality of information, which is usually ensured by traditional cryptographic means. This circumstance forces us to look for new methods of protection. In view of modern trends, quantum cryptography methods can become such alternatives, which allow solving a number of important cryptographic problems, for which the impossibility of solving using only classical (that is, non-quantum) communication has been proven. Quantum cryptography is a branch of quantum informatics that studies methods of protecting information by using quantum carriers. The possibility of such protection is ensured by the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. One of the promising directions of quantum cryptography is Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) that offers secure communication without any shared key. A characteristic feature of this method is the absence of cryptographic transformations, accordingly, there is no key distribution problem. The purpose of this work is a general overview of quantum cryptography protocols, finding their weak points for further development and improvement, as well as identifying vulnerabilities to different attacks. The article analyzes new methods and protocols, as well as presents their advantages and disadvantages. Based on partial generalizations of theoretical provisions and practical achievements in the field of quantum cryptography, a generalized classification was developed. By comparing various factors of the protocols, and their resistance to certain cyberattacks, we have the opportunity to identify several problems in this field and expand the possibilities for choosing appropriate methods for building modern quantum information protection systems. In accordance with this, conclusions were presented regarding the use of protocols and increasing the level of their effectiveness.
Quantum cryptography is a revolutionary field that applies the principles of quantum mechanics to provide secure communication channels. One of the most popular techniques in quantum cryptography is Quantum Key Distribution, which uses quantum states to deliver secure keys. The main advantage of quantum cryptography is that it offers protection against eavesdropping and tampering, which is not possible with classical encryption methods. This is because copying data in a quantum state is virtually impossible, and any attempt to intercept or manipulate the data will result in its complete alteration. As a result, any third-party interference can be detected quickly. Traditional cryptographic algorithms used in modern cryptography are vulnerable to attacks due to the evolution of quantum computers and mathematical advances in the decomposition of large integers. Therefore, the solution to address this vulnerability is to apply the principles of quantum physics to cryptography. The aim of the paper is to survey the current scientific achievements in the field of quantum cryptography and to present some challenging issues.
With the rapid development of quantum technologies and the growth of complex cyber threats, it is particularly important to create reliable data protection methods that can guarantee the unconditional security of transmitted information.Quantum cryptography works based on stuff like superposition (the ability of particles to be in several states at once), quantum entanglement (how they're connected from a distance), and the fact that it's impossible to exactly copy or change a quantum state.The application of these principles makes it possible to implement quantum key distribution, which ensures the detection of any interference in the communication channel and makes it impossible to intercept information unnoticed.The article analyzes the most well-known quantum cryptographic protocols, in particular BB84 and E91, their architecture, principles of operation, and features of implementation in military conditions.The composition of typical quantum protection systems is considered: light pulse sources, channels for transmitting quantum data, devices for receiving them, information processing modules, and conventional communication channels for control.The issues of compatibility of quantum solutions with the existing infrastructure of military telecommunications systems are considered, and the prospects for hybrid cryptographic models combining quantum and post-quantum approaches are analyzed.A comparative analysis of traditional and quantum cryptography is carried out according to criteria such as reliability, scalability, resistance to attacks, and development potential.The main advantages of using quantum cryptography in the defense sector are highlighted, in particular, ensuring a secure command communication channel, protecting navigation and telemetry systems, and the secure operation of distributed networks in combat conditions.Examples of international developments and research are considered, in particular, the DARPA Quantum Network, the Chinese Micius satellite, and EU projects within the Quantum Flagship initiative.These examples demonstrate the interest of leading countries in introducing quantum technologies into the field of national security.The potential of quantum cryptography as a means of updating and strengthening the cyber defense system in № 8(49) 2025 1018 the defense sector has been identified, taking into account both current challenges and future threats in the digital environment.
Through the application of principles from quantum physics, quantum cryptography is a cutting-edge technology that offers unparalleled protection for communication protocols. The fundamental concepts of quantum cryptography are discussed in this article. These principles include quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols like BB84 and E91, as well as their use in the process of constructing secure communication channels to ensure confidentiality. For the purpose of detecting any unlawful interception of information, quantum cryptography makes use of quantum properties such as superposition and entanglement. This provides a technique of secure communication that has the potential to be unbreakable. The research investigates the current state of quantum cryptography research, which includes recent advancements, challenges, and potential future directions. The study highlights the critical significance of quantum cryptography in addressing security concerns within modern communication networks in the face of increasing cyber threats.