随着互联网信息技术日新月异的发展，人们对于通信保密性的要求越来越高，从而对于加密体制的安全性提出了更高的要求。量子密码的诞生很好的解决了这一问题，目前最理想的量子保密通信，具有理论上的无条件安全性，国内外均引起了广泛关注。本文详细介绍了当前主要量子保密通信实验、量子保密通信网络以及量子保密通信产品三方面的国际最新进展，具有重要的参考价值。 With the rapid development of Information Technology (IT), people pay more attention to the confidentiality of network communications. As a result, higher safety requirement is in urgent need for encryption systems. The birth of quantum cryptography drawing great attention at home and abroad can tackle the problem perfectly, since the ideal quantum private communication possesses theoretically unconditional security. This paper mainly introduces the latest progress on quantum cryptography experiment, quantum cryptography network and quantum cryptography product, possessing important reference value.
随着互联网信息技术日新月异的发展，人们对于通信保密性的要求越来越高，从而对于加密体制的安全性提出了更高的要求。量子密码的诞生很好的解决了这一问题，目前最理想的量子保密通信，具有理论上的无条件安全性，国内外均引起了广泛关注。本文详细介绍了当前主要量子保密通信实验、量子保密通信网络以及量子保密通信产品三方面的国际最新进展，具有重要的参考价值。 With the rapid development of Information Technology (IT), people pay more attention to the confidentiality of network communications. As a result, higher safety requirement is in urgent need for encryption systems. The birth of quantum cryptography drawing great attention at home and abroad can tackle the problem perfectly, since the ideal quantum private communication possesses theoretically unconditional security. This paper mainly introduces the latest progress on quantum cryptography experiment, quantum cryptography network and quantum cryptography product, possessing important reference value.
随着互联网信息技术日新月异的发展以及量子时代的不断迫近，各国对量子密码及量子通信领域研究的重视程度越来越高。量子密码专利数据可以很好地反映一个国家量子密码领域的进展与成果，进而揭示国家相关的科技实力和国防力量。本文分别从专利申请时间、专利申请机构、国际专利分类表(IPC分类)三方面切入，对2000年到2017年全球四大主要量子研发地区美国、欧盟、日本和中国的专利申请情况进行详细的分析研究，归纳各国量子密码领域的研究成果并预测各国研究热点趋势。这不仅为分析国家的科技实力提供了直观详实的数据支撑，而且在全球量子科技发展的深层次探索和国家的量子战略规划等方面具有重要的参考价值。 With the rapid development of Internet based on information technology and the approach of the quantum age, countries pay more and more attention to the research of quantum cryptography and quantum communication. The quantum cryptography patent data can well reflect the pro- gress and achievement in quantum cryptography field of a country, which reveals the relevant scientific and technological strength and national defense strength of a country. This paper makes a detailed analysis of patent applications from 2000 to 2017 in four major quantum research and development regions in the world, namely the United States, the European Union, Japan and China. The analysis is carried out from three aspects of patent application time, patent application organization and patent classification number. And then the research results in quantum cryptography field of the countries above are summarized and the research trends are predicted. These provide an intuitive and detailed data support for the analysis of a country’s scientific and technological strength. Moreover, it can be an important reference for further research on developments of global quantum technology and the national quantum strategic planning.
Security and privacy have become such important commodities in
the information and globalization era that it would be
extremely beneficial to comprehensively explore possibilities
for providing (near) perfect performance in these fields. A
method based on quantum phenomena and the laws and limitations
of quantum information processing and communication was
recently developped with the aim of providing so-called
unconditional security in sensitive cryptographic tasks. During
the last 20 years, quantum cryptography has made remarkable
(even previously unimaginable) progress. The goal of this paper
is to present a brief introduction to the principles, methods
and achievements of quantum cryptography and to discuss its
recent advances and the challenges it poses, especially in the
area of quantum network security
Nowadays, the information is exchanged among the computer network. These data and information are involved in business, military, academic education, research and etc. which are shared around the world in both private and public network. Since, many categories of data are required restriction on authorization of access, modify, delete and insert, security in communication is increasingly important to the network communication. Currently, computer security applies mathematic theory to computer security for encrypting and decrypting on both sender and receiver. To use security attack with high performance computer (e.g. quantum computer), attacker can find a key and then obtains the data in feasible period. Quantum cryptography is one of the solutions that use property of polarization to ensure that transmitted data is not trapped by eavesdropper. Quantum cryptography is improved significantly in the last decades including the most two dominant protocol BB84 and BB92.
Quantum-secure communication and computation have garnered increasing attention due to their powerful search capabilities for certain complex problems and their ability to provide unconditional security. This indicates that classical cryptography, such as asymmetric ciphers based on complex mathematics, faces a significant threat from quantum algorithms. However, quantum cryptography can detect any attempt to eavesdrop on a channel. As a result, the investigation and implementation of quantum computers and quantum-secure communication networks have become essential objectives for numerous research teams. This paper provides an overview of quantum cryptography, including its development, and focuses on the theoretical aspect of quantum secure direct communication (QSDC). This helps readers understand the theoretical operating principles and gain a better understanding of the entire quantum characteristic and protocol operation in the QSDC field. QSDC enables secure communication without previously shared private keys, making it a crucial topic in quantum cryptography research. This paper provides an overview of several well-known versions of QSDC in theory, discussing their applications, challenges and potential future directions.
The security of classical cryptography based on computational complexity assumptions has been severely challenged with the rapid development of quantum computers and quantum algorithms. Quantum cryptography, which offers unconditional security based on some principles of quantum mechanics, has become a significant branch and hotspot in the field of modern cryptography research. In this paper, we review the research and development of several important and well-studied branches of quantum cryptography in terms of theory and experiment, including quantum key distribution, quantum secret sharing, quantum secure direct communication, quantum signature, and quantum private query. We also briefly review the research and development of some other branches which are currently in the stage of theoretical research but receive widespread concern from academia, including quantum private comparison, quantum anonymous voting, quantum secure multi-party summation, quantum sealed-bid auction, quantum public key cryptosystem, quantum key agreement, quantum dialogue, and quantum identity authentication. In addition, we discuss some open issues and future research directions for the branches referred to above.
Cyberspace has become the most popular carrier of information exchange in every corner of our life, which is beneficial for our life in almost all aspects. With the continuous development of science and technology, especially the quantum computer, cyberspace security has become the most critical problem for the Internet in near future. In this paper, we focus on analyzing characteristics of the quantum cryptography and exploring its advantages of it in the future Internet. It is worth noting that we analyze the quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol in the noise-free channel. To include real practical stimulators, there are developed various QKD Schemes for the noisy channels. Here we develop the unconditional security of quantum cryptography theoretically, which is suitable for the Internet as ever-increasing challenges are inevitable in the future. Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses individual light quanta in quantum superposition states to guarantee unconditional communication security between distant parties. In practice, the achievable distance for QKD has been limited to a few hundred kilometers, due to the channel loss of fibers or terrestrial free space that exponentially reduced the photon rate. Also experimentally it is proved that the Satellite-based QKD promises to establish a global-scale quantum network by exploiting the negligible photon loss and decoherence in the empty space. In this paper, we also give some introduction to various public-key cryptography and also touch on the various functions, advantages, and disadvantages of quantum cryptography and the need for quantum cryptography in the future as in data encoding, and digital signatures, and many more. It also covers the various securities issue of our current cryptography system. Different protocols BB84 i.e., the first QKD protocol also some other protocols, and finally the future directions of quantum cryptography followed by the conclusion of the paper.