随着互联网信息技术日新月异的发展以及量子时代的不断迫近，各国对量子密码及量子通信领域研究的重视程度越来越高。量子密码专利数据可以很好地反映一个国家量子密码领域的进展与成果，进而揭示国家相关的科技实力和国防力量。本文分别从专利申请时间、专利申请机构、国际专利分类表(IPC分类)三方面切入，对2000年到2017年全球四大主要量子研发地区美国、欧盟、日本和中国的专利申请情况进行详细的分析研究，归纳各国量子密码领域的研究成果并预测各国研究热点趋势。这不仅为分析国家的科技实力提供了直观详实的数据支撑，而且在全球量子科技发展的深层次探索和国家的量子战略规划等方面具有重要的参考价值。 With the rapid development of Internet based on information technology and the approach of the quantum age, countries pay more and more attention to the research of quantum cryptography and quantum communication. The quantum cryptography patent data can well reflect the pro- gress and achievement in quantum cryptography field of a country, which reveals the relevant scientific and technological strength and national defense strength of a country. This paper makes a detailed analysis of patent applications from 2000 to 2017 in four major quantum research and development regions in the world, namely the United States, the European Union, Japan and China. The analysis is carried out from three aspects of patent application time, patent application organization and patent classification number. And then the research results in quantum cryptography field of the countries above are summarized and the research trends are predicted. These provide an intuitive and detailed data support for the analysis of a country’s scientific and technological strength. Moreover, it can be an important reference for further research on developments of global quantum technology and the national quantum strategic planning.
随着互联网信息技术日新月异的发展以及量子时代的不断迫近，各国对量子密码及量子通信领域研究的重视程度越来越高。量子密码专利数据可以很好地反映一个国家量子密码领域的进展与成果，进而揭示国家相关的科技实力和国防力量。本文分别从专利申请时间、专利申请机构、国际专利分类表(IPC分类)三方面切入，对2000年到2017年全球四大主要量子研发地区美国、欧盟、日本和中国的专利申请情况进行详细的分析研究，归纳各国量子密码领域的研究成果并预测各国研究热点趋势。这不仅为分析国家的科技实力提供了直观详实的数据支撑，而且在全球量子科技发展的深层次探索和国家的量子战略规划等方面具有重要的参考价值。 With the rapid development of Internet based on information technology and the approach of the quantum age, countries pay more and more attention to the research of quantum cryptography and quantum communication. The quantum cryptography patent data can well reflect the pro- gress and achievement in quantum cryptography field of a country, which reveals the relevant scientific and technological strength and national defense strength of a country. This paper makes a detailed analysis of patent applications from 2000 to 2017 in four major quantum research and development regions in the world, namely the United States, the European Union, Japan and China. The analysis is carried out from three aspects of patent application time, patent application organization and patent classification number. And then the research results in quantum cryptography field of the countries above are summarized and the research trends are predicted. These provide an intuitive and detailed data support for the analysis of a country’s scientific and technological strength. Moreover, it can be an important reference for further research on developments of global quantum technology and the national quantum strategic planning.
The leading countries across the world have entered the race to develop quantum technologies that will enable them to ensure their continued economic prosperity. Among these technologies, a special place is occupied by quantum communication, which is designed to ensure information security in an era where a quantum computer is capable of compromising a number of cryptography algorithms. In this article, this new digital technology includes quantum key distribution and encryption methods that are cryptographically resistant to a quantum computer. The study does not consider the regulation of the quantum communication sub-technology, the so-called “quantum internet,” due to the technical limitations of the existing equipment. The authors note that their predictions about the cryptographic strength of encryption algorithms are based solely on modern knowledge about the capabilities of quantum computing and do not take into account its hidden potential, for example, in terms of cryptanalysis information systems based on a machine learning model generated by a quantum computer. Currently, the only data protection system that is not subject to quantum threats is the technology of quantum key distribution. In today’s information and digital age, information security systems are an important element of critical infrastructure. Given the importance of these technologies, different states use different methods to regulate this field. This article puts forward and substantiates the hypothesis that the implementation of a combination of regulatory legal acts could have a greater positive impact on the development of quantum communication and ensure an acceptable level of information security in the post-quantum era. The analysis showed that a significant number of states and interstate associations are conducting research in this area, relying only on investment growth. This strategy has prevented any country from achieving the competencies of the People’s Republic of China. The authors also analyzed the methods of legal support used by China, Russia, and other countries in the field of quantum communication, which made it possible to identify a model of legal regulation of quantum communication that stimulates this technology’s development.
Quantum technologies attracted much attention for their disruptive potential in last two decades.The article analyzes the worldwide patent landscape for quantum technologies based on data extracted from Derwent Innovation and Web of Science.The quantum technologies were grouped into three distinct technology areas of quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum sensing, to demonstrate detailed development and trends respectively.It shows that quantum technology is a highly competitive research field, and United States, China and Japan are the most prominent countries, in particular China made a great progress in recent years.United States has a significant advantage in the field of quantum computing, which is the most promising field, meanwhile China has a significant advantage in the field of quantum communication and succeeds in launching a quantum satellite.
Quantum communication technology is emerging as a transformative area in telecommunications, with the potential to revolutionize how data is transmitted, secured, and processed globally.The global quantum computing and communication market is expected to grow rapidly as major technology firms are contributing to the development of quantum communication hardware and software, signaling the commercial potential of such technology. This paper presents a comparative study of quantum communication across different regions (China, the United States, and the European Union). The result indicates distinct approaches, technological advancements, and strategic goals.
随着互联网信息技术日新月异的发展，人们对于通信保密性的要求越来越高，从而对于加密体制的安全性提出了更高的要求。量子密码的诞生很好的解决了这一问题，目前最理想的量子保密通信，具有理论上的无条件安全性，国内外均引起了广泛关注。本文详细介绍了当前主要量子保密通信实验、量子保密通信网络以及量子保密通信产品三方面的国际最新进展，具有重要的参考价值。 With the rapid development of Information Technology (IT), people pay more attention to the confidentiality of network communications. As a result, higher safety requirement is in urgent need for encryption systems. The birth of quantum cryptography drawing great attention at home and abroad can tackle the problem perfectly, since the ideal quantum private communication possesses theoretically unconditional security. This paper mainly introduces the latest progress on quantum cryptography experiment, quantum cryptography network and quantum cryptography product, possessing important reference value.
In the rapidly evolving field of quantum communication, the regulatory framework plays a crucial role in ensuring security, standardization, and international cooperation. This article examines various approaches employed by countries to regulate quantum communication. The purpose of this research is to comprehensively analyze and compare different international approaches to the regulation of quantum communication to identify key features characteristic of the current stage of development and regulation of quantum communication, as well as to develop recommendations for optimizing and improving regulatory governance in this area. The methodological basis of the study consisted of general scientific and special methods. A detailed study of various legal documents, strategies, and standards related to quantum communication was conducted using the following general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, and system analysis. Among the special legal methods used was the comparative legal method, which made it possible to identify general trends, differences, and unique approaches in the regulation of quantum communication, as well as the formal-legal method for studying legal categories and legislative techniques used in various acts in the studied area. The study systematically examines legislative measures, government policies, and industry standards to determine the relationship between technological innovation and regulatory governance in the field of quantum communication. The research revealed that the regulation of quantum communication is primarily carried out at the level of strategic documents, such as national roadmaps, which contain recommendations and guidelines for regulating quantum communication. It was found that technical standards play a vital role in the development of quantum communication, with this development occurring at both national and international levels. Special groups and centers have been established for the effective implementation, development, and regulation of quantum communication, which allows for the identification of social, legal, political, and ethical issues. The main conclusions include the need to monitor administrative barriers, identify priority sectors for the implementation of quantum communication, and recognize quantum communication as a dual-use technology. It is recommended that an international certification and tracking system be created for quantum communication devices for export and import control purposes.
The author presents in the systematization of the security documentation in the field of quantum cryptography, the distribution of patents by country of patent holders and the dynamics of patenting inventions in the period from 1988 to 2009.The article gives the estimation of a technological level of systems of quantum distribution of a key, and also trends of their development. The author identifies firms, the companies, the organizations and schools of thought in which active researches in the field of quantum cryptography are conducted.