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Электротехнические и информационные комплексы и системы

Патентно-лицензионная ситуация в области квантовой криптографии

Румянцев Константин Евгеньевич, Розова Яна Сергеевна

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The author presents in the systematization of the security documentation in the field of quantum cryptography, the distribution of patents by country of patent holders and the dynamics of patenting inventions in the period from 1988 to 2009.The article gives the estimation of a technological level of systems of quantum distribution of a key, and also trends of their development. The author identifies firms, the companies, the organizations and schools of thought in which active researches in the field of quantum cryptography are conducted.

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The author presents in the systematization of the security documentation in the field of quantum cryptography, the distribution of patents by country of patent holders and the dynamics of patenting inventions in the period from 1988 to 2009.The article gives the estimation of a technological level of systems of quantum distribution of a key, and also trends of their development. The author identifies firms, the companies, the organizations and schools of thought in which active researches in the field of quantum cryptography are conducted.
The applied and theoretical aspects of quantum-cryptographic technologies are considered. The inter­related elements that make up the concept and content determined by the application of quantum cryptog­raphy are analyzed. The systematic analysis of quantum algorithms, quantum cryptography and quantum hashing are presented. The development of specialized quantum computers, focused on solving crypto­graphic problems is justified. The forecast of development of the field of quantum communication is done. The immediate prospects for the development of means of quantum cryptographic key distribution, quantum communication channels, channels of communication based on quantum teleportation, quantum networks of high-precision synchronization for secure management systems are highlighted. The independent signifi­cance of quantum random number generation is noted.
Abstract Cryptography, which has a history going back many centuries, is currently experiencing a transition from the classical paradigm to a quantum one. Using bibliometrics, the dynamics of development and the ratio between three branches of cryptography—classical, postquantum, and quantum—in the period 1990–2020 are considered; the restructuring of the crypto-sphere in favor of the quantum paradigm since 2015 is noted. The world leaders in quantum cryptography research are industrialized countries, including the G7 group and China, and at the institutional level, leading universities, academic organizations, technology institutes, as well as large corporations, especially from Japan and the United States, and military research institutions, especially from the United States and China. The features of the quantum-cryptographic ecosystems of several countries are identified. It is shown that, in Russia, research is concentrated in the academic sector, universities and specialized organizations—the Academy of Cryptography of the Russian Federation, the Russian Quantum Center. By contrast with leading countries, the contribution of domestic corporations and small businesses is still limited. Geopolitical aspects of creating quantum-cryptographic security have been discussed. The Web of Science Core Collection database is used as a source for bibliometric analysis.
The article provides an overview of the digital technology quantum communication and its place among end-to-end digital technologies. Also the problem of quantum threat to the information security of the Russian Federation is considered. The cryptography used today is based on discrete logarithms or factorization, which will lose their cryptographic strength after the implementation of a quantum computer. All countries have started to analyze and develop new information security technologies which are capable to ensure its confidentiality in the quantum era.The article analyzes the experience of building a new information security system in several countries (Great Britain, the European Union, the USA, China). The analysis made it possible to evaluate Russian actions in this area, as well as to identify shortcomings in the regulatory framework governing quantum cryptography, which include quantum key distribution, quantum random number generator, post-quantum cryptography.The author substantiates the need for the introduction of an experimental legal regime and the creation of the «cryptographic agility». The implementation of these proposals will help to prepare a regulatory framework for data migration to an environment protected by cryptographic ciphers resistant to quantum computing. The quantum communication is a new way to protect information in a digital state, where data plays a key role, and their confidentiality and integrity become the key to national security.
随着互联网信息技术日新月异的发展以及量子时代的不断迫近，各国对量子密码及量子通信领域研究的重视程度越来越高。量子密码专利数据可以很好地反映一个国家量子密码领域的进展与成果，进而揭示国家相关的科技实力和国防力量。本文分别从专利申请时间、专利申请机构、国际专利分类表(IPC分类)三方面切入，对2000年到2017年全球四大主要量子研发地区美国、欧盟、日本和中国的专利申请情况进行详细的分析研究，归纳各国量子密码领域的研究成果并预测各国研究热点趋势。这不仅为分析国家的科技实力提供了直观详实的数据支撑，而且在全球量子科技发展的深层次探索和国家的量子战略规划等方面具有重要的参考价值。 With the rapid development of Internet based on information technology and the approach of the quantum age, countries pay more and more attention to the research of quantum cryptography and quantum communication. The quantum cryptography patent data can well reflect the pro- gress and achievement in quantum cryptography field of a country, which reveals the relevant scientific and technological strength and national defense strength of a country. This paper makes a detailed analysis of patent applications from 2000 to 2017 in four major quantum research and development regions in the world, namely the United States, the European Union, Japan and China. The analysis is carried out from three aspects of patent application time, patent application organization and patent classification number. And then the research results in quantum cryptography field of the countries above are summarized and the research trends are predicted. These provide an intuitive and detailed data support for the analysis of a country’s scientific and technological strength. Moreover, it can be an important reference for further research on developments of global quantum technology and the national quantum strategic planning.
Quantum cryptography has attracted considerable interest among specialists in information security. The overwhelming majority of research projects in quantum \ncryptography are related to the development of quantum key distribution protocols. Absence of generalized classification & systematization makes it difficult to estimate the level of the latest achievements and does not allow using quantum technologies with full efficiency. From this viewpoint the analysis of existed quantum key distribution systems, strengths & weaknesses, its implementation prospects was carried out in \nthe paper. It gives a possibility to formalize some actual problems of quantum key distribution systems and outline the ways of its solving.
This article presents an overview of the distribution of quantum keys oriented to the sphereof information technologies. In particular, this article describes the BB84 protocol and its numerous variants, as well as their comparative analysis. The attraction of the idea of quantumcryptography is the development of the newest way to generate completely random hiddenkeys between users of the quantum communication line, which previously never met and do nothave common hidden information. The secrecy of the method and the impossibility of unnoticeable retrieval of information from the communication line are based on the laws of quantum physics - in contrast to the currently used cryptography methods, which are based onmathematical laws and can be deciphered