Quantum cryptography has attracted considerable interest among specialists in information security. The overwhelming majority of research projects in quantum \ncryptography are related to the development of quantum key distribution protocols. Absence of generalized classification & systematization makes it difficult to estimate the level of the latest achievements and does not allow using quantum technologies with full efficiency. From this viewpoint the analysis of existed quantum key distribution systems, strengths & weaknesses, its implementation prospects was carried out in \nthe paper. It gives a possibility to formalize some actual problems of quantum key distribution systems and outline the ways of its solving.
Quantum cryptography has attracted considerable interest among specialists in information security. The overwhelming majority of research projects in quantum \ncryptography are related to the development of quantum key distribution protocols. Absence of generalized classification & systematization makes it difficult to estimate the level of the latest achievements and does not allow using quantum technologies with full efficiency. From this viewpoint the analysis of existed quantum key distribution systems, strengths & weaknesses, its implementation prospects was carried out in \nthe paper. It gives a possibility to formalize some actual problems of quantum key distribution systems and outline the ways of its solving.
Quantum cryptography has attracted considerable interest among specialists in information security. The overwhelming majority of research projects in quantum cryptography are related to the development of quantum key distribution protocols. Absence of generalized classification & systematization makes it difficult to estimate the level of the latest achievements and does not allow using quantum technologies with full efficiency. From this viewpoint the analysis of existed quantum key distribution systems, basic protocols, strengths & weaknesses, its implementation prospects was carried out in the paper. It gives a possibility to formalize some actual problems of quantum key distribution systems and outline the ways of its solving. Квантова криптографія викликає значний інтерес серед фахівців у галузі інформаційної безпеки. Переважна більшість дослідницьких проектів у галузі квантової криптографії пов’язані з розробкою протоколів квантового розподілу ключів. Відсутність узагальненої класифікації та систематизації ускладнює процес оцінки рівня останніх досягнень і не дозволяє ефективно використовувати квантові технології. З цієї точки зору у статті виконано аналіз існуючих систем квантового розподілу ключів, базових протоколів, переваг та недоліків, перспектив їх впровадження. Це дозволяє формалізувати деякі актуальні проблеми систем квантового розподілу ключів і окреслити шляхи їх вирішення.
The practical implementation of quantum information technologies requires, for the most part, highly advanced and currently experimental procedures. One exception is quantum cryptography, or quantum key distribution, which has been successfully demonstrated in many laboratories and has reached an advanced level of development. It will probably become the first commercial application of quantum information. In quantum key distribution, Alice and Bob exploit a quantum channel to create a secret shared key comprising a random string of binary digits. This key can then be used to protect a subsequent communication between them. The principal idea is that the secrecy of the key distribution is ensured by the laws of quantum physics. Proving security for practical communication systems is a challenging problem and requires techniques that are beyond the scope of this book. At a fundamental level, however, the ideas are simple and may readily be understood with the knowledge we have already acquired. Quantum cryptography is the latest idea in the long history of secure (and not so secure) communications and, if it is to develop, it will have to compete with existing technologies. For this reason we begin with a brief survey of the history and current state of the art in secure communications before turning to the possibilities offered by quantum communications. The history of cryptography is a long and fascinating one. As a consequence of the success or, more spectacularly, the failure of ciphers, wars have been fought, battles decided, kingdoms won, and heads lost. In the information age, ciphers and cryptosystems have become part of everyday life; we use them to protect our computers, to shop over the Internet, and to access our money via an ATM (automated teller machine). One of the oldest and simplest of all ciphers is the transposition or Caesarean cipher (attributed to Julius Caesar), in which the letters are shifted by a known (and secret) number of places in the alphabet. If the shift is 1, for example, then A is enciphered as B, B→C, · · ·, Y→Z, Z→A. A shift of five places leads us to make the replacements A→F, B→G, · · ·, Y→D, Z→E.
Since it was noted that quantum computers could break public key cryptosystems based on number theory, extensive studies have been undertaken on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). QKD or Quantum Cryptography solves the key distribution problem by allowing the exchange of a cryptographic key between two remote parties with absolute security, guaranteed by the laws of physics. Actually, the progress of research in this field allows the implementation of Quantum Cryptography outside of laboratories. Efforts are made to exploit this technology in the existing communication networks and to improve the performance and reliability of the implemented technologies. The cryptosystems based on QKD are very promising and also the technology is improving more and more to fulfill requirements. In this paper, we provide a state-of-the-art of practical Quantum Cryptography by exposing the popular works and projects on QKD implementation.
The development of modern computer technologies endangers the confidentiality of information, which is usually ensured by traditional cryptographic means. This circumstance forces us to look for new methods of protection. In view of modern trends, quantum cryptography methods can become such alternatives, which allow solving a number of important cryptographic problems, for which the impossibility of solving using only classical (that is, non-quantum) communication has been proven. Quantum cryptography is a branch of quantum informatics that studies methods of protecting information by using quantum carriers. The possibility of such protection is ensured by the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. One of the promising directions of quantum cryptography is Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) that offers secure communication without any shared key. A characteristic feature of this method is the absence of cryptographic transformations, accordingly, there is no key distribution problem. The purpose of this work is a general overview of quantum cryptography protocols, finding their weak points for further development and improvement, as well as identifying vulnerabilities to different attacks. The article analyzes new methods and protocols, as well as presents their advantages and disadvantages. Based on partial generalizations of theoretical provisions and practical achievements in the field of quantum cryptography, a generalized classification was developed. By comparing various factors of the protocols, and their resistance to certain cyberattacks, we have the opportunity to identify several problems in this field and expand the possibilities for choosing appropriate methods for building modern quantum information protection systems. In accordance with this, conclusions were presented regarding the use of protocols and increasing the level of their effectiveness.
Data protection and information security have been the essence of communication in today's digital era. Authentication and secrecy of secure communication are achieved using key-based cryptographic primitives; the security of which significantly relies upon the underlying computationally complex mathematics. Moreover, these existing cryptographic primitives are considered to be non-deterministic on the basis of the existing computational capabilities. However, the considerable advancements in the development of quantum computers have significantly enhanced parallel computations; thereby, posing a great threat to these existing encryption primitives. Thus, in the future, the physical manifestation of a large successful quantum computer is likely to break all the existing public-key encryption algorithms in no time. This has led to a remarkable surge of interest in propelling quantum mechanics into existence; subsequently, leading cryptographers to research various viable domains to offer quantum-resistant secure communications. Resultantly, quantum cryptography/quantum key distribution has emerged as a futuristic replacement for classical cryptography as it offers unconditionally secure communication along with the inherent detection of any unintended user. Thus, keeping in view the significance of this relatively newer domain of cryptography, this research focuses on presenting a consolidated review of the various Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols. A comparative analysis of the working mechanism of the prominent QKD protocols is presented along with an overview of the various emerging trends that have been proposed to optimize the implementational efficiency of the BB84 protocol.
Quantum key distribution is a catchword among industry specialist now a day.It is arising an alarming situation to all the current network security techniques. These are the basic properties of Quantum Mechanics, which makes a combination with network security. At present there are so many companies out there in market which are making progress it this fields day by day.Quantum cryptography is a very important technology now days as it is helping a lot to secure the future network communication. This particular field has gained the attention from industry as well as from academics. Here we are writing this paper to provide the general review of various fields belongs to Quantum Computing, but our main aim is to provide a brief review and analysis of recent development in the field of Quantum Key Distribution, most famous and developed field of Quantum Computing. This paper presents review of Quantum Computing including different application fields like Quantum public key cryptography, QKD, Quantum Authentication. First we discuss the basics of Quantum Cryptography then we discuss the definition of Quantum key Distribution, Various protocols of this field. Then after we discuss the opportunities in this field.