Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Вестник Московского государственного технического университета им. Н.Э. Баумана. Серия «Естественные науки»

Детерминизм и вероятность как фундаментальные основы природы

М. Б. Челноков

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The present state of the problem of determinism and causality in quantum mechanics and various points of view on the nature of microparticles are discussed. A classification of microparticles by sizes of their region of existence is carried out. The analogy is considered between the disintegration and stability of a neutron, on the one hand, and radioactive and stable nuclei, on the other hand. The idea on possibility of radioactive nuclei stabilization for solving the problems of disposal of radioactive wastes and elimination of consequences of nuclear disasters is stated.

Related papers

Quantum Mechanics and Radioactive Disintegration

Ronald W. Gurney, E. U. Condon

Application of quantum mechanics to a simple model of the nucleus gives the phenomenon of radioactive disintegration. The statistical nature of the quantum mechanics gives directly disintegration as a chance phenomenon without any special hypothesis. \textsection{}1 contains a presentation of those features of quantum mechanics which are here used and gives a simple calculation of the disintegration constant. \textsection{}2 discusses the qualitative application of the model to the nucleus. \textsection{}3 presents quantitative calculations amounting to a theoretical interpretation of the Geiger-Nuttall relation between the rate of disintegration and the energy of the emitted $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle. In getting this relation one arrives at the rather remarkable conclusion that the law of force between emitted $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle and the rest of the nucleus is substantially the same in all the atoms even where the decay rates stand in the ratio ${10}^{22}$. \textsection{}4 calls attention to the natural way in which the paradoxical results of Rutherford and Chadwick on the scattering of fast $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particles by uranium receive explanation with the model here used. \textsection{}5 discusses certain limitations inherent in the methods employed.

Physical Review•Feb 1, 1929•420 citations

A Commentary on Robin Hendry’s Views on Molecular Structure, Emergence and Chemical Bonding

Eric R. Scerri

Abstract In this article I examine several related views expressed by Robin Hendry concerning molecular structure, emergence and chemical bonding. There is a long-standing problem in the philosophy of chemistry arising from the fact that molecular structure cannot be strictly derived from quantum mechanics. Two or more compounds which share a molecular formula, but which differ with respect to their structures, have identical Hamiltonian operators within the quantum mechanical formalism. As a consequence, the properties of all such isomers yield precisely the same calculated quantities such as their energies, dipole moments etc. The only means through which the difference between the isomers can be recovered is to build their structures into the quantum mechanical calculations, something that is carried out by the application of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Consequently, it has been argued by many authors that molecular structure is written in ‘by hand’ rather than derived. Robin Hendry is one such author, but he goes a great deal further by proposing that this situation implies the existence of emergence and downward causation. In the current article I argue that there are alternative explanations which render emergence and downward causation redundant. Such an alternative lies in the notion of quantum decoherence and the appeal to work in the foundations of physics, which posits that the various isomers exist as a superposition until their wavefunctions are collapsed either by observation or by interacting with their environment. Hendry also alludes to a debate among chemists as to whether chemical bonds are real or not, in the sense of directional connections between two or more nuclei in any given molecule. I reject this view and propose that the structural and energetic views of chemical bonding, that have been discussed by some philosophers of chemistry including Hendry, do not refer to any essential ontological differences. I agree that chemists view bonding in a more realistic fashion and may consider bonds to be in some senses real, while physicists may consider bonding in more abstract energetic terms. However, I do not believe that such differences in scientific practice and attitudes should be considered to offer a window as to the ontological status of bonding or whether bonding is real. Finally, I discuss the kinetic energy school of chemical bonding which would seem to challenge any notion of bonds as directional entities, since bonding is no longer regarded as being primarily due to the build-up of electron density between nuclei.

History, philosophy and theory of the life sciences•Dec 12, 2023•2 citations

Вероятностные модели в классической и квантовой механике: Исправления к опубликованной ранее статье

V.Yu. Terebizh, В.Ю. Теребиж

Characteristic features of the stochastic models used in the classical mechanics, statistical physics and quantum theory are discussed. The arguments are given in favor of point of view that Nature, in itself, does not include probabilities. Researcher is forced to introduce the probabilistic concepts and corresponding models in conditions providing only partial predictability of a studied system behavior. This approach allows us to achieve a consistent interpretation of some important physical phenomena, in particular, the relationship between instability and irreversibility in time, the stochastic evolution of systems in the deterministic chaos theory, the H-theorem of Boltzmann, and paradoxes of quantum mechanics.

Bulletin of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory•Jun 1, 2011•0 citations

Изучение законов микромира, характерные отличия и особенности физических процессов микроскопических систем

Б. К. Рахашев, Ж. А. Абекова, А. Б. Оралбаев +1 more

Laws and the equations of quantum mechanics and behavior of particles in a microcosm completely differ from laws and the equations of classical mechanics, in a microcosm such phenomena which have no analogs in classical mechanics, for example tunnel effect, etc. meet. In a microcosm the coordinate and an impulse of a particle are defined according to Heisenberg’s uncertainty, these particles show properties characteristic for a wave, energy is let out and absorbed in the separate portions, in quanta.

•Jan 1, 2015•0 citations

On external influences on the radioactive decay rate fluctuations

Victor A. Panchelyuga, M. S. Panchelyuga, Olga Yu. Seraya

The evolution of views on the possibility of external influence on the process of radioactive decay is briefly presented. Such an effect can lead to the appearance of periods in the time series of the radioactive decay rate fluctuations, which have been the subject of intensive study in the last decade. Two mechanisms for identifying periods are considered: the study of deviations from the theoretical curve of the radioactive decay law and the study of the properties of fluctuations. It is shown that the latter method leads to a universal spectrum of periods observed not only in the time series of the radioactive decay rate fluctuations, but also in the time series of fluctuations of processes of various nature. The main object of our study are periods in the radioactive decay rate fluctuations. The presence of such periods suggests the possibility of external influence on the process of radioactive decay. Therefore, we briefly consider the evolution of views on the possibility of such an effect. To do this, we distinguish several stages. The division into stages is only partially historical, but, mainly, each stage characterizes a certain ideas that is implemented in it.

International Scientific Conference on Computing in Physics and Technology (CPT)•Nov 22, 2020•1 citation

О физическом содержании и формулировках квантовой механики

Г В Егоров

The paper analyzes the physical content and different formulations of quantum mechanics, a comparison of different formulations marked features of different approaches to the construction of quantum theory, argues the possibility of applying the principle of plurality and unity in the process models of presentation of the topic in a physics course.

ВЕСТНИК Брянского государственного университета•Jan 1, 2015•0 citations
The present state of the problem of determinism and causality in quantum mechanics and various points of view on the nature of microparticles are discussed. A classification of microparticles by sizes of their region of existence is carried out. The analogy is considered between the disintegration and stability of a neutron, on the one hand, and radioactive and stable nuclei, on the other hand. The idea on possibility of radioactive nuclei stabilization for solving the problems of disposal of radioactive wastes and elimination of consequences of nuclear disasters is stated.
Application of quantum mechanics to a simple model of the nucleus gives the phenomenon of radioactive disintegration. The statistical nature of the quantum mechanics gives directly disintegration as a chance phenomenon without any special hypothesis. \textsection{}1 contains a presentation of those features of quantum mechanics which are here used and gives a simple calculation of the disintegration constant. \textsection{}2 discusses the qualitative application of the model to the nucleus. \textsection{}3 presents quantitative calculations amounting to a theoretical interpretation of the Geiger-Nuttall relation between the rate of disintegration and the energy of the emitted $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle. In getting this relation one arrives at the rather remarkable conclusion that the law of force between emitted $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle and the rest of the nucleus is substantially the same in all the atoms even where the decay rates stand in the ratio 1022{10}^{22}1022. \textsection{}4 calls attention to the natural way in which the paradoxical results of Rutherford and Chadwick on the scattering of fast $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particles by uranium receive explanation with the model here used. \textsection{}5 discusses certain limitations inherent in the methods employed.
Abstract In this article I examine several related views expressed by Robin Hendry concerning molecular structure, emergence and chemical bonding. There is a long-standing problem in the philosophy of chemistry arising from the fact that molecular structure cannot be strictly derived from quantum mechanics. Two or more compounds which share a molecular formula, but which differ with respect to their structures, have identical Hamiltonian operators within the quantum mechanical formalism. As a consequence, the properties of all such isomers yield precisely the same calculated quantities such as their energies, dipole moments etc. The only means through which the difference between the isomers can be recovered is to build their structures into the quantum mechanical calculations, something that is carried out by the application of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Consequently, it has been argued by many authors that molecular structure is written in ‘by hand’ rather than derived. Robin Hendry is one such author, but he goes a great deal further by proposing that this situation implies the existence of emergence and downward causation. In the current article I argue that there are alternative explanations which render emergence and downward causation redundant. Such an alternative lies in the notion of quantum decoherence and the appeal to work in the foundations of physics, which posits that the various isomers exist as a superposition until their wavefunctions are collapsed either by observation or by interacting with their environment. Hendry also alludes to a debate among chemists as to whether chemical bonds are real or not, in the sense of directional connections between two or more nuclei in any given molecule. I reject this view and propose that the structural and energetic views of chemical bonding, that have been discussed by some philosophers of chemistry including Hendry, do not refer to any essential ontological differences. I agree that chemists view bonding in a more realistic fashion and may consider bonds to be in some senses real, while physicists may consider bonding in more abstract energetic terms. However, I do not believe that such differences in scientific practice and attitudes should be considered to offer a window as to the ontological status of bonding or whether bonding is real. Finally, I discuss the kinetic energy school of chemical bonding which would seem to challenge any notion of bonds as directional entities, since bonding is no longer regarded as being primarily due to the build-up of electron density between nuclei.
Characteristic features of the stochastic models used in the classical mechanics, statistical physics and quantum theory are discussed. The arguments are given in favor of point of view that Nature, in itself, does not include probabilities. Researcher is forced to introduce the probabilistic concepts and corresponding models in conditions providing only partial predictability of a studied system behavior. This approach allows us to achieve a consistent interpretation of some important physical phenomena, in particular, the relationship between instability and irreversibility in time, the stochastic evolution of systems in the deterministic chaos theory, the H-theorem of Boltzmann, and paradoxes of quantum mechanics.
Laws and the equations of quantum mechanics and behavior of particles in a microcosm completely differ from laws and the equations of classical mechanics, in a microcosm such phenomena which have no analogs in classical mechanics, for example tunnel effect, etc. meet. In a microcosm the coordinate and an impulse of a particle are defined according to Heisenberg’s uncertainty, these particles show properties characteristic for a wave, energy is let out and absorbed in the separate portions, in quanta.
The evolution of views on the possibility of external influence on the process of radioactive decay is briefly presented. Such an effect can lead to the appearance of periods in the time series of the radioactive decay rate fluctuations, which have been the subject of intensive study in the last decade. Two mechanisms for identifying periods are considered: the study of deviations from the theoretical curve of the radioactive decay law and the study of the properties of fluctuations. It is shown that the latter method leads to a universal spectrum of periods observed not only in the time series of the radioactive decay rate fluctuations, but also in the time series of fluctuations of processes of various nature. The main object of our study are periods in the radioactive decay rate fluctuations. The presence of such periods suggests the possibility of external influence on the process of radioactive decay. Therefore, we briefly consider the evolution of views on the possibility of such an effect. To do this, we distinguish several stages. The division into stages is only partially historical, but, mainly, each stage characterizes a certain ideas that is implemented in it.