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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Nonlinear resonances sign reversal and longitudinal alignment on the resonant levels of133Cs thin-layer vapour

G. Todorov, Vladimir A. Polischuk, A. Krasteva, S. Cartaleva, Armen D. Sargsyan, T. A. Vartanyan

Published Jan 5, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The fluorescence and non-linear absorption spectra of Cs133 vapour in an extremely thin cell were calculated by using the perturbation theory with respect to the pumping field intensity. The problem of the atoms’ non-linear polarization was solved for arbitrary values of the total momenta of the resonance levels pumped by a linearly-polarised laser field. It was demonstrated that the spontaneous emission from the upper level affects the amplitude and sign of the lower level longitudinal alignment and results in a change of the amplitude and sign of the non-linear absorption resonance at the closed transition. The comparison of the numerical calculations with the experimental data for the D2 line of 133Cs shows a very good agreement.

DOI
10.1117/12.2263622

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The fluorescence and non-linear absorption spectra of Cs133 vapour in an extremely thin cell were calculated by using the perturbation theory with respect to the pumping field intensity. The problem of the atoms’ non-linear polarization was solved for arbitrary values of the total momenta of the resonance levels pumped by a linearly-polarised laser field. It was demonstrated that the spontaneous emission from the upper level affects the amplitude and sign of the lower level longitudinal alignment and results in a change of the amplitude and sign of the non-linear absorption resonance at the closed transition. The comparison of the numerical calculations with the experimental data for the D2 line of 133Cs shows a very good agreement.
The nonlinear absorption and fluorescence spectra of 133 Cs vapours confined to the extremely thin cell are computed in the framework of perturbation theory regarding to the intensity of the laser light illumination. The amplitude as well as the sign of the longitudinal alignment of the ground state is shown to be defined by the spontaneous decay of the upper level. The sign and the magnitude of the nonlinear absorption resonance on the closed optical transition are shown to be defined by this process as well.
Linear and nonlinear absorption spectra of 133 Cs vapor confined in an extremely thin cell were computed via iterations with respect to the resonance radiation intensity. When the incident radiation intensity is low, the transient polarization of the atoms that undergo frequent collisions with the cell walls leads to sub-Doppler features in the absorption spectra. Higher incident radiation intensities result in the appearance of velocity-selective optical pumping resonances. The theory developed agrees quantitatively with the experimental findings.
We report experimental and theoretical examinations of the peculiarities in Velocity Selective Optical Pumping (VSOP) resonance behavior at open and closed hyperfine transition spectra of Cs atoms (on the D2 line), confined in optical cell with thickness L = 6λ, where λ = 852 nm. For linear and circular polarizations of the irradiating light, open transitions exhibit reduced absorption (fluorescence) VSOP resonances whose contrast increases with atomic concentration and light intensity. However, in case of closed transition the situation is different, the enhanced absorption (fluorescence) VSOP resonance reverses its sign with the atomic concentration and light intensity. Theoretical analysis based on the density matrix formalism, taking into account the statistical tensors describing atomic population and longitudinal alignment, shows that the VSOP resonance sign reversal at the closed transition can be attributed to the efficiency reduction of population transfer by the spontaneous decay with atomic source temperature.
An extremely thin cell (ETC) was used to analyse ground state effects of Cs atoms excited by laser light and placed in a magnetic field that was scanned around zero. The advantage of using the ETC is the possibility to separate the hf transitions, which are overlapped in ordinary cells, as a result of the spatial anisotropy of the atom-light interaction. Cs atoms were irradiated by circularly/linearly polarized light at lambda~852 nm, and the dependence of absorption on the external magnetic field was measured.
A new nano-cell with smoothly varying longitudinal thickness of the atomic vapour layer L in the range of 350 - 5100 nm allowing to study the resonant absorption of D1 and D2 lines of Cs atoms for thicknesses changing from L = Lambda/2 to L = 6 Lambda with the step of Lambda/2 (Lambda = 852 nm or 894 nm are the resonant laser wavelengths) and for different intensities is developed. It is revealed that for low laser intensities there is narrowing of the resonant absorption spectrum for the thicknesses L = (2n + 1)Lambda/2 (where n is an integer) up to L = 7Lambda /2 and broadening of the spectrum for L = n Lambda. For relatively high laser intensity (>1 mW/cm2), velocity selective optical pumping/saturated resonances of a reduced absorption (with the line-width close to the natural one), and centred on the hyperfine transitions occur when L = n Lambda. The possible application of these resonance peaks is given. The developed theoretical model describes well the experiment.