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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Temperature and excitation power influence on the velocity-selective optical pumping resonances of 133Cs atoms confined in an extremely thin cell

T. A. Vartanyan, В. А. Полищук, Armen D. Sargsyan, A. Krasteva, S. Cartaleva, G. Todorov

Published Mar 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Linear and nonlinear absorption spectra of 133 Cs vapor confined in an extremely thin cell were computed via iterations with respect to the resonance radiation intensity. When the incident radiation intensity is low, the transient polarization of the atoms that undergo frequent collisions with the cell walls leads to sub-Doppler features in the absorption spectra. Higher incident radiation intensities result in the appearance of velocity-selective optical pumping resonances. The theory developed agrees quantitatively with the experimental findings.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/992/1/012023

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Mar 15, 2013•1 citation
Linear and nonlinear absorption spectra of 133 Cs vapor confined in an extremely thin cell were computed via iterations with respect to the resonance radiation intensity. When the incident radiation intensity is low, the transient polarization of the atoms that undergo frequent collisions with the cell walls leads to sub-Doppler features in the absorption spectra. Higher incident radiation intensities result in the appearance of velocity-selective optical pumping resonances. The theory developed agrees quantitatively with the experimental findings.
We present here the new behavior of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT), Velocity Selective Optical Pumping (VSOP) and Velocity Selective Excitation (VSE) resonances observed in Cs vapor confined in unique cells with thicknesses L = 1.5λ and L = 6λ. It is shown experimentally that in both cells, the EIT resonance is significantly narrower than would be expected from the ground state dephasing rate due to atomic collisions with the cell windows. The enhanced absorption (fluorescence) narrow VSOP resonance at the closed transition transforms into reduced absorption (fluorescence) one with small increase of atomic concentration or light intensity. A striking difference appears between the VSE resonance broadening due to excited atom thermalization, in L = 6λ and conventional L = 2.5 cm cells.
Saturation effects affecting absorption and fluorescence spectra of an atomic vapor confined in an extremely thin cell (cell thickness $L<1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$) are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The study is performed on the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line $(\ensuremath{\lambda}=852\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$ of Cs and concentrates on the two situations $L=\ensuremath{\lambda}∕2$ and $L=\ensuremath{\lambda}$, the most contrasted ones with respect to the length dependence of the coherent Dicke narrowing. For $L=\ensuremath{\lambda}∕2$, the Dicke-narrowed absorption profile simply broadens and saturates in amplitude when increasing the light intensity, while for $L=\ensuremath{\lambda}$, sub-Doppler dips of reduced absorption at the line-center appear on the broad absorption profile. For a fluorescence detection at $L=\ensuremath{\lambda}$, saturation induces narrow dips, but only for hyperfine components undergoing a population loss through optical pumping. These experimental results are interpreted with the help of the various existing models and are compared with numerical calculations based upon a two-level modeling that considers both a closed and an open system.
We report on the spectroscopy in a resonant vapor film, in a regime in which the inhomogeneous transit time induces a velocity selection. For cell thickness (10--1000 \ensuremath{\mu}m) smaller than the transverse dimensions and for low enough atomic density, the atomic trajectories are essentially free flights from wall to wall. Hence, a single laser beam irradiation is sufficient to observe sub-Doppler resonances because of the transient atomic response, which enhances the response of the slowest atoms flying nearly parallel to the wall. The peculiar features of this velocity selection are presented in the linear regime as well as in the case of saturation induced by the optical pumping. Also, we report, in the case of the Cs D2{D}_{2}D2​ line (852 nm), on the passage from a two-level linear-response regime to an optical pumping regime when increasing the incident intensity. We also describe the influence of several other parameters, including cell thickness and laser beam size and shape, on the experimental line shapes. An extension to Doppler-free polarization spectroscopy in a thin cell with a single beam, and to saturated absorption, is also reported.
We report on high-resolution single-light-beam transmission spectroscopy through an ultra thin vapor cell (thickness 10–100 μm). In addition to the expected Doppler-broadened absorption, a novel sub-Doppler structure is observed under normal incidence irradiation. This structure originates from the optical response of atoms with very small velocity components perpendicular to the cell walls, and is connected with the transient atom excitation regime during the wall-to-wall time of flight. In experiments performed in Cs vapor, the slow mechanism of optical pumping leads, for weak light intensities (10–100 μW/cm 2 ) and a 10 μm cell, to a velocity selection equivalent to an effective 1D temperature in the sub-mK range.
We report on the investigation of narrow sub-Doppler-width resonances observed at the D2 line of Cs atoms (Fg = 4 → Fe = 3, 4, 5 hyperfine transitions), confined in thin optical cells. These cells have a thickness of L = 6λ (λ = 852 nm) and L = 700 μm, and are irradiated by two narrow-band laser radiations (one with fixed and the other with scanned frequency). We show that for zero frequency detuning of the fixed-frequency laser from the Fg = 4 → Fe = 5 hyperfine transition, its absorption spectrum in the thin cell consists of resonances, centered at the respective hyperfine transitions. The spectral widths of these resonances range from 2 to 20 MHz, and they are characterized by a good contrast and extremely small Doppler background. This spectrum is highly sensitive to the frequency offset of the fixedfrequency laser. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the spatial restriction of Cs vapor suppresses the interaction of the light with atoms with significant velocity component along the direction of the laser beam propagation.
We present here the behavior of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT), Velocity Selective Optical Pumping (VSOP) resonances and Velocity Selective Excitation (VSE) resonances observed in Cs vapor confined in а micrometric optical cell (MC) with thickness L = 6λ, λ = 852nm. For comparison of behavior of VSE resonance another conventional optical cell with thickness L=2.5 cm is used. Cells are irradiated in orthogonal to their windows directions by probe beam scanned on the Fg = 4 → Fe= 3, 4, 5 set of transitions and pump beam fixed at the Fg = 3 → Fe = 4 transition, on the D2 line of Cs. The enhanced absorption (fluorescence) narrow VSOP resonance at the closed transition transforms into reduced absorption (fluorescence) one with small increase of atomic concentration or light intensity. A striking difference appears between the VSE resonance broadening in L = 6λ and conventional L = 2.5cm cells.