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Frontiers in Optics

Subradiance in a nanofiber mode by an ensemble of a few cold Rb atoms

Pablo Solano, Burkley D. Patterson, S. L. Rolston, Luis A. Orozco, Fredrik K. Fatemi, James Clemens, Perry R. Rice, Pablo Barberis-Blostein, H. J. Carmichael

Published Jan 1, 2016• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The excitation-decay from a few cold Rb atoms into the mode of an optical nanofiber shows two distinct time-scales: First the normal lifetime, and then a longer subradiant lifetime that scales linearly with optical density.
DOI
10.1364/ls.2016.lw5i.4

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Non-linear optics in cold 87^{\mathrm{87}}87Rb atoms at ultralow powers via an optical nanofiber
We discuss the evolution of the quantum state of an ensemble of atoms that are coupled via a single propagating optical mode. We theoretically show that the quantum state of N atoms, which are initially prepared in the timed Dicke state, in the single excitation regime evolves through all the N-1 states that are subradiant with respect to the propagating mode. We predict this process to occur for any atom number and any atom-light coupling strength. These findings are supported by measurements performed with cold cesium atoms coupled to the evanescent field of an optical nanofiber. We experimentally observe the evolution of the state of the ensemble passing through the first two subradiant states, leading to sudden, temporary switch-offs of the optical power emitted into the nanofiber. Our results contribute to the fundamental understanding of collective atom-light interaction and apply to all physical systems, whose description involves timed Dicke states.
New effects can arise in quantum physics when there is strong coupling, either between atoms and light or between different quantum systems. This thesis examines an optical nanofiber atom trap as a mediator of atom-light interactions and a potential element of a hybrid quantum system. The evanescent field around the sub-wavelength waist of an optical nanofiber possesses a small mode area that increases the cooperativity between atoms and the mode, in a manner analogous to traditional cavity QED. We demonstrate trapping of 87^{87}87Rb atoms with an optical nanofiber, confining hundreds of atoms with typical trap lifetimes of tens of milliseconds. We then employ single photon counting techniques to study untrapped ensembles of cold atoms around the nanofiber. A first experiment uses intensity autocorrelations of resonance fluorescence emitted into the nanofiber mode to observe a transition from classical to nonclassical photon statistics. Measuring the correlations on longer timescales reveals the motion of atoms through the optical mode, and we develop a correspondence between the transit time and atomic cloud temperature. A second experiment measures Purcell enhancement of spontaneous emission of atoms near the nanofiber by correlating their fluorescence with a known trigger event. The spontaneous decay rate of an atom near a dielectric is modified by the induced dipole and by a change in the modes of the vacuum electromagnetic field. Our observed enhancement of 6.5±0.9%6.5\pm0.9\%6.5±0.9% over the free-space rate matches well with what one finds from mode simulations in our system.
Inhomogeneous broadening of optical transitions of 87^{87}87Rb atoms in nanofiber-based optical lattices