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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Light imprisonment in a nanofiber mode by an ensemble of few cold atoms

Pablo Solano, S. L. Rolston, Luis A. Orozco, James Clemens, Perry R. Rice

Published May 25, 2016• 0 citations
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Optical nanofibers (ONF) have been proved useful tools to probe cold atomic systems. Due to the intense evanescent field at their waist, ONFs have been used to probe or even trap atoms. However, very little experimental work has been done on exploiting the higher order modes (HOM) of such devices. The HOMs feature inhomogeneous polarization distributions around the ONF’s waist and can lead to the guiding of light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), via selective excitation of modes. In this work, we have experimentally studied the interaction between an ensemble of cold rubidium atoms and the HOMs of an ONF. The ONF, tailored to allow propagation of the first 6 guided modes at 780 nm, is embedded in a cold atomic ensemble and its modes are selectively excited by coupling vector beams from free-space. Using modal decomposition at the output of the ONF, we can calculate the transfer matrix of the system. This information, when combined with the amplitude extinction resulting from the scattering of the guided light by atoms surrounding the waist, allows us to non-destructively infer the modal excitation at the waist of the ONF. We further investigate the effect of temperature-induced strain on the modal decomposition at the waist and fiber output pigtail. Our results allow us to encode more than one quantum of information on the total angular momentum of a single guided photon. The inhomogeneous polarization distributions featured by the HOMs also offer a new tool to study chiral quantum systems.

Complex Light and Optical Forces•Mar 8, 2019•0 citations
We experimentally and theoretically investigate collective radiative effects in an ensemble of cold atoms coupled to a single-mode optical nanofiber. Our analysis unveils the microscopic dynamics of the system, showing that collective interactions between the atoms and a single guided photon gradually build up along the atomic array in the direction of propagation of light. These results are supported by time-resolved measurements of the light transmitted and reflected by the ensemble after excitation via nanofiber-guided laser pulses, whose rise and fall times are shorter than the atomic lifetime. Superradiant decays more than 1 order of magnitude faster than the single-atom free-space decay rate are observed for emission in the forward-propagating guided mode, while at the same time, no speed-up of the decay rate is measured in the backward direction. In addition, position-resolved measurements of the light that is transmitted past the atoms are performed by inserting the nanofiber-coupled atomic array in a 45-m-long fiber ring resonator, which allow us to experimentally reveal the progressive growth of the collective response of the atomic ensemble. Our results highlight the unique opportunities offered by nanophotonic cold atom systems for the experimental investigation of collective light-matter interaction.
Optical nanofibers (ONF) have been proved useful tools to probe cold atomic systems. Due to the intense evanescent field at their waist, ONFs have been used to probe or even trap atoms. However, very little experimental work has been done on exploiting the higher order modes (HOM) of such devices. The HOMs feature inhomogeneous polarization distributions around the ONF’s waist and can lead to the guiding of light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), via selective excitation of modes. In this work, we have experimentally studied the interaction between an ensemble of cold rubidium atoms and the HOMs of an ONF. The ONF, tailored to allow propagation of the first 6 guided modes at 780 nm, is embedded in a cold atomic ensemble and its modes are selectively excited by coupling vector beams from free-space. Using modal decomposition at the output of the ONF, we can calculate the transfer matrix of the system. This information, when combined with the amplitude extinction resulting from the scattering of the guided light by atoms surrounding the waist, allows us to non-destructively infer the modal excitation at the waist of the ONF. We further investigate the effect of temperature-induced strain on the modal decomposition at the waist and fiber output pigtail. Our results allow us to encode more than one quantum of information on the total angular momentum of a single guided photon. The inhomogeneous polarization distributions featured by the HOMs also offer a new tool to study chiral quantum systems.