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Chinese Physics Letters

Excitation Dependence of Dipole—Dipole Broadening in Selective Reflection Spectroscopy

Tengfei Meng, Zhonghua Ji, Yanting Zhao, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia

Published Nov 1, 2016• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the dipole—dipole broadened selective reflection spectrum with the Cs atomic density of 10 14 −10 15 cm −3 . The dipole—dipole broadening is reduced and the hyperfine splitting is well resolved when the ground state atoms are excited by a detuned pump beam. The dependences of dipole—dipole broadening of Cs atoms in the 6S 1/2 (F = 3) → 6P 3/2 (F' = 4) hyperfine transition line on atomic density and the excitation factor are studied. It is found that the reduction of the dipole—dipole broadening is dependent on the pump beam power and is independent of the atomic density in this density range. These results are useful for understanding of the dynamical process in this range of atomic density.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/33/11/113202

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We theoretically and experimentally investigate hyperfine dipole-dipole broadening in the selective reflection (SR) spectroscopy at the gas-solid interface with the atomic density of 10 14 –10 15 cm −3 . The two-level SR theory considering pump beam and dipole-dipole interaction between excited-state atom and ground-state atom is presented. The numerical simulation of the SR spectrum is in agreement with experimental results. The reduction of spectral width is observed by introducing a pump beam which is an effective technique to improve the resolution of spectroscopy. We analyze the dependence of dipole-dipole broadening on atomic density and pump beam power. This study is helpful for the description of the SR spectroscopy at the gas-solid interface where the Doppler broadening is comparable with dipole-dipole broadening.
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The dipole–dipole broadening of the spectrum of the selective reflection of intense resonance light from the interface between a transparent dielectric and a gas of the natural mixture of Rb isotopes has been studied experimentally. The case of a high gas density where the Doppler broadening can be neglected has been investigated. It has been shown that dipole–dipole broadening is reduced with increasing the number density of excited atoms. When the laser beam intensity is much higher than the saturation intensity of a resonance transition, a significant broadening due to the very high laser beam intensity has not been observed in the reflection spectrum from the transparent dielectric/gas interface. The observed intensity dependence of the spectral width has been explained by the quenching collisions of the excited atoms with the interface.
Nonlinear selective reflection from the interface YAG window-high density rubidium vapor in the high-temperature cell is studied at the transition 5S1/2_{1/2}1/2​-5P3/2_{3/2}3/2​. In the experiment tunable pump and probe lasers are used. The selective reflection spectra for the laser probe beam are investigated at four different rubidium atomic densities and five different pump beam intensities. The estimated dipole-dipole interaction-induced line broadening varies from 13.213.213.2 to 39.639.639.6 GHz, the measured pumped intensities change from 1.21.21.2 to 8.88.88.8 kW⋅\cdot⋅cm−2^{-2}−2. Growth of the pump intensity causes reduction of the magnitude and the width of the recorded selective reflection resonance. We suggest developing all-optical modulators on the basis of nonlinear selective reflection.
We have investigated the nonlinear selective reflection of a laser beam (λ = 780 nm) from a high density rubidium vapor. The laser frequency was tuned over atomic transitions and coherent optical excitation of the atomic vapor was realized. The observed narrowing of reflection spectral profile is associated with a competition of two nonlinear processes: optical field induced coherent broadening (Rabi broadening) and optical saturation induced decreasing of dipole–dipole broadening of atomic transitions. For more complete understanding the spectral narrowing we suggest to perform a set of new experiments.
Detailed analysis of spectral line broadening and variations in relative intensities of hyperfine spectral components due to optical pumping is presented. Hyperfine levels of sodium 3p1/23{p}_{1/2}3p1/2​ and 3p3/23{p}_{3/2}3p3/2​ levels are selectively excited in a supersonic beam at various laser intensities under the conditions when optical pumping time is shorter than transit time of atoms through the laser beam. The excitation spectra exhibit significant line broadening at laser intensities well below the saturation intensity, and redistribution of intensities of hyperfine spectral components is observed, which in some cases is contradicting with intuitive expectations. Theoretical analysis of the dynamics of optical pumping shows that spectral line broadening sensitively depends on the branching coefficient of the laser-driven transition. Analytical expressions for branching ratio dependent critical Rabi frequency and critical laser intensity are derived, which give the threshold for onset of noticeable line broadening by optical pumping. The critical laser intensity has its smallest value for transitions with branching coefficient equal to 0.5, and it can be much smaller than the saturation intensity. Transitions with larger and smaller branching coefficients are relatively less affected. The theoretical excitation spectra were calculated numerically by solving density matrix equations of motion using the split propagation technique, and they well-reproduce the observed effects of line broadening and peak intensity variations. The calculations also show that presence of dark (i.e., not laser coupled) Zeeman sublevels in the lower state results in effective branching coefficients which vary with laser intensity and differ from those implied by the sum rules, and this can lead to peculiar changes in peak ratios of hyperfine components of the spectra.