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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Hyperfine dipole-dipole broadening of selective reflection spectroscopy at the gas-solid interface

Tengfei Meng, Zhonghua Ji, Yanting Zhao, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia

Published Sep 1, 2016• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically and experimentally investigate hyperfine dipole-dipole broadening in the selective reflection (SR) spectroscopy at the gas-solid interface with the atomic density of 10 14 –10 15 cm −3 . The two-level SR theory considering pump beam and dipole-dipole interaction between excited-state atom and ground-state atom is presented. The numerical simulation of the SR spectrum is in agreement with experimental results. The reduction of spectral width is observed by introducing a pump beam which is an effective technique to improve the resolution of spectroscopy. We analyze the dependence of dipole-dipole broadening on atomic density and pump beam power. This study is helpful for the description of the SR spectroscopy at the gas-solid interface where the Doppler broadening is comparable with dipole-dipole broadening.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/115/63001

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We theoretically and experimentally investigate hyperfine dipole-dipole broadening in the selective reflection (SR) spectroscopy at the gas-solid interface with the atomic density of 10 14 –10 15 cm −3 . The two-level SR theory considering pump beam and dipole-dipole interaction between excited-state atom and ground-state atom is presented. The numerical simulation of the SR spectrum is in agreement with experimental results. The reduction of spectral width is observed by introducing a pump beam which is an effective technique to improve the resolution of spectroscopy. We analyze the dependence of dipole-dipole broadening on atomic density and pump beam power. This study is helpful for the description of the SR spectroscopy at the gas-solid interface where the Doppler broadening is comparable with dipole-dipole broadening.
We investigate the dipole—dipole broadened selective reflection spectrum with the Cs atomic density of 10 14 −10 15 cm −3 . The dipole—dipole broadening is reduced and the hyperfine splitting is well resolved when the ground state atoms are excited by a detuned pump beam. The dependences of dipole—dipole broadening of Cs atoms in the 6S 1/2 (F = 3) → 6P 3/2 (F' = 4) hyperfine transition line on atomic density and the excitation factor are studied. It is found that the reduction of the dipole—dipole broadening is dependent on the pump beam power and is independent of the atomic density in this density range. These results are useful for understanding of the dynamical process in this range of atomic density.
The dipole–dipole broadening of the spectrum of the selective reflection of intense resonance light from the interface between a transparent dielectric and a gas of the natural mixture of Rb isotopes has been studied experimentally. The case of a high gas density where the Doppler broadening can be neglected has been investigated. It has been shown that dipole–dipole broadening is reduced with increasing the number density of excited atoms. When the laser beam intensity is much higher than the saturation intensity of a resonance transition, a significant broadening due to the very high laser beam intensity has not been observed in the reflection spectrum from the transparent dielectric/gas interface. The observed intensity dependence of the spectral width has been explained by the quenching collisions of the excited atoms with the interface.
We study the dipole–dipole spectral broadening of a resonance line at high atomic densities when the self-broadening dominates. The selective reflection spectrum of a weak probe beam from the interface of the cell window and rubidium vapour is recorded in the presence of a far-detuned pump beam. The excitation due to the pump reduces the self-broadening. We found that the self-broadening reduction dependence on the pump power is atomic density independent. These results provide experimental evidence for the disordered exciton based theory of self-broadening, and can be useful for the description of the interaction of a strong optical field with a dense resonance medium.
Nonlinear selective reflection from the interface YAG window-high density rubidium vapor in the high-temperature cell is studied at the transition 5S1/2_{1/2}1/2​-5P3/2_{3/2}3/2​. In the experiment tunable pump and probe lasers are used. The selective reflection spectra for the laser probe beam are investigated at four different rubidium atomic densities and five different pump beam intensities. The estimated dipole-dipole interaction-induced line broadening varies from 13.213.213.2 to 39.639.639.6 GHz, the measured pumped intensities change from 1.21.21.2 to 8.88.88.8 kW⋅\cdot⋅cm−2^{-2}−2. Growth of the pump intensity causes reduction of the magnitude and the width of the recorded selective reflection resonance. We suggest developing all-optical modulators on the basis of nonlinear selective reflection.
We theoretically present the nonlinear selective reflection spectroscopy of V‐type atomic system at gas‐solid interface in a pump‐probe scheme. The saturation and coherence effects are distinguished by solving Liouville equation in the absence and presence of reduced density matrix element between the two excited levels. When the coherence effect exists, two peaks appear in reflection spectroscopy with asymmetry lineshape. We investigate the dependence of reflection spectroscopy on pump field intensity, frequency detuning and coherent decay rate induced by collision between atoms. The lineshape can be explained based on reflection spectroscopy contributed from atoms with negative (before collision) and positive (after collision) velocities, single‐photon and two‐photon processes. This study is helpful for investigating quantum coherence and dynamic processes of atoms at gas‐solid interface.
In this paper, our experimental studies of dipole-dipole interactions in excited resonance gases are discussed. In weakly excited gas the dipole broadening of optical transitions is proportional to its density N. A gas medium can be identified by its density N as rarefied gas, where dipole broadening of atomic transitions is much less than Doppler width, or as dense gas, where dipole broadening is much more than Doppler width. According to our experiments the dipole broadening in rarefied gas does not depend on the optical excitation. This behavior is in a good agreement with predictions of standard theory for impact atomic collisions. In excited dense gas we observed the strong reduction of the dipole broadening. These experimental results are not described by standard theory for impact collisions. We suggested a simple description of the optical properties for excited dense gas.