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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Dipole–Dipole Broadening in the Selective Reflection of an Intense Laser Beam from the Interface between a Transparent Dielectric and a Dense Resonance Gas

Andrey A. Bobrov, Sergey A. Saakyan, Vladimir A. Sautenkov, Boris B. Zelener

Published Nov 1, 2021• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The dipole–dipole broadening of the spectrum of the selective reflection of intense resonance light from the interface between a transparent dielectric and a gas of the natural mixture of Rb isotopes has been studied experimentally. The case of a high gas density where the Doppler broadening can be neglected has been investigated. It has been shown that dipole–dipole broadening is reduced with increasing the number density of excited atoms. When the laser beam intensity is much higher than the saturation intensity of a resonance transition, a significant broadening due to the very high laser beam intensity has not been observed in the reflection spectrum from the transparent dielectric/gas interface. The observed intensity dependence of the spectral width has been explained by the quenching collisions of the excited atoms with the interface.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364021210086

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The dipole–dipole broadening of the spectrum of the selective reflection of intense resonance light from the interface between a transparent dielectric and a gas of the natural mixture of Rb isotopes has been studied experimentally. The case of a high gas density where the Doppler broadening can be neglected has been investigated. It has been shown that dipole–dipole broadening is reduced with increasing the number density of excited atoms. When the laser beam intensity is much higher than the saturation intensity of a resonance transition, a significant broadening due to the very high laser beam intensity has not been observed in the reflection spectrum from the transparent dielectric/gas interface. The observed intensity dependence of the spectral width has been explained by the quenching collisions of the excited atoms with the interface.
We theoretically and experimentally investigate hyperfine dipole-dipole broadening in the selective reflection (SR) spectroscopy at the gas-solid interface with the atomic density of 10 14 –10 15 cm −3 . The two-level SR theory considering pump beam and dipole-dipole interaction between excited-state atom and ground-state atom is presented. The numerical simulation of the SR spectrum is in agreement with experimental results. The reduction of spectral width is observed by introducing a pump beam which is an effective technique to improve the resolution of spectroscopy. We analyze the dependence of dipole-dipole broadening on atomic density and pump beam power. This study is helpful for the description of the SR spectroscopy at the gas-solid interface where the Doppler broadening is comparable with dipole-dipole broadening.
A nonlinear selective reflection from the boundary between a transparent dielectric and dense Rb vapor has been investigated, where the dipole broadening of the 5 S 1/2 –5 P 3/2 working transition is significantly larger than the contribution of the Doppler width. A tunable probe laser and a pump laser with a fixed frequency have been used in the experiment. At a high intensity of pump radiation, a dip has appeared in the reflection spectrum, which splits the spectrum into two symmetric resonances. The splitting value is twice the Rabi frequency. The observation of a narrow structure corresponding to the dressed atomic states opens up additional possibilities for the study of many-particle interactions.
Intense light incident on a dense-gas--dielectric interface, from the dielectric side, is reflected because of the combined effect of the discontinuities in the index of refraction at the interface and at the transition region in the gas where the degree of atomic saturation changes abruptly. This latter discontinuity gives rise to a self-reflected wave. At low intensities this self-reflected wave is weak, the problem is linear, and the net reflected wave intensity taken as a function of frequency has a simple shape that should allow measurement of the hitherto undetected self-induced frequency shift in a collision-broadened gas at an absorption resonance. Calculations show that in the weak intensity regime, r'', the imaginary part of the reflection coefficient, is quasi-Lorentzian and shifted by an amount comparable to its width. At high light intensity r'' broadens, shifts, and distorts. The distortion, which nonuniformly modulates the Lorentzian shape, comes from an interference of the forward and self-reflected waves. In the wings of the resonance line the self-reflected wave can be neglected, and the shape of r'' although not distorted is shifted from where it would be if there were no local field correction.
We study dependence of dipole-dipole interaction in dense Rb vapour on optical excitation. We measure the dipole-dipole contribution to the selective reflection spectrum of D2 line. Optical excitation is created by intense laser beam, which depletes the 5S1/2 population and decreases the dipole-dipole interaction, narrowing the observed spectrum. The limit of the dipole-dipole interaction change is determined by the optical saturation of the D2 transition and corresponds to the 5S1/2 population approximately equal to 1/3.
We study the dipole–dipole spectral broadening of a resonance line at high atomic densities when the self-broadening dominates. The selective reflection spectrum of a weak probe beam from the interface of the cell window and rubidium vapour is recorded in the presence of a far-detuned pump beam. The excitation due to the pump reduces the self-broadening. We found that the self-broadening reduction dependence on the pump power is atomic density independent. These results provide experimental evidence for the disordered exciton based theory of self-broadening, and can be useful for the description of the interaction of a strong optical field with a dense resonance medium.
Abstract Coherent narrow resonances in a homogeneously broadened contour of selective reflection from the interface between a cell window and high-density atomic rubidium vapor, where the dipole broadening greatly exceeds the Doppler width of the unresolved components of rubidium D2 line, are discussed. The formation of coherent resonances is caused by the coherent scattering of probe and pump optical fields from the oscillations of populations of the ground and excited states of atoms at the beat frequency. The width of each resonance depends on the population difference decay rate. Within a simple model conditions are found for observing resonances with a Lorentzian spectral profile. The experimentally recorded coherent resonances are described by a Lorentz function with fitting parameters in the form of amplitude, width, and spectral baseline. In the limit of zero optical saturation the measured half-width of a coherent resonance (HWHM) γres/2π is about 52 MHz, which greatly exceeds the radiative decay rate of the rubidium excited state 5P3/2.