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On the saturation of excitation-dependent dipole-dipole broadening in dense Rb vapour

Andrey A. Bobrov, Vladimir A. Sautenkov, Sergey A. Saakyan, Boris B. Zelener

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study dependence of dipole-dipole interaction in dense Rb vapour on optical excitation. We measure the dipole-dipole contribution to the selective reflection spectrum of D2 line. Optical excitation is created by intense laser beam, which depletes the 5S1/2 population and decreases the dipole-dipole interaction, narrowing the observed spectrum. The limit of the dipole-dipole interaction change is determined by the optical saturation of the D2 transition and corresponds to the 5S1/2 population approximately equal to 1/3.

DOI
10.1051/e3sconf/202459203015

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We study dependence of dipole-dipole interaction in dense Rb vapour on optical excitation. We measure the dipole-dipole contribution to the selective reflection spectrum of D2 line. Optical excitation is created by intense laser beam, which depletes the 5S1/2 population and decreases the dipole-dipole interaction, narrowing the observed spectrum. The limit of the dipole-dipole interaction change is determined by the optical saturation of the D2 transition and corresponds to the 5S1/2 population approximately equal to 1/3.
The dipole–dipole broadening of the spectrum of the selective reflection of intense resonance light from the interface between a transparent dielectric and a gas of the natural mixture of Rb isotopes has been studied experimentally. The case of a high gas density where the Doppler broadening can be neglected has been investigated. It has been shown that dipole–dipole broadening is reduced with increasing the number density of excited atoms. When the laser beam intensity is much higher than the saturation intensity of a resonance transition, a significant broadening due to the very high laser beam intensity has not been observed in the reflection spectrum from the transparent dielectric/gas interface. The observed intensity dependence of the spectral width has been explained by the quenching collisions of the excited atoms with the interface.
A nonlinear selective reflection from the boundary between a transparent dielectric and dense Rb vapor has been investigated, where the dipole broadening of the 5 S 1/2 –5 P 3/2 working transition is significantly larger than the contribution of the Doppler width. A tunable probe laser and a pump laser with a fixed frequency have been used in the experiment. At a high intensity of pump radiation, a dip has appeared in the reflection spectrum, which splits the spectrum into two symmetric resonances. The splitting value is twice the Rabi frequency. The observation of a narrow structure corresponding to the dressed atomic states opens up additional possibilities for the study of many-particle interactions.
We study the dipole–dipole spectral broadening of a resonance line at high atomic densities when the self-broadening dominates. The selective reflection spectrum of a weak probe beam from the interface of the cell window and rubidium vapour is recorded in the presence of a far-detuned pump beam. The excitation due to the pump reduces the self-broadening. We found that the self-broadening reduction dependence on the pump power is atomic density independent. These results provide experimental evidence for the disordered exciton based theory of self-broadening, and can be useful for the description of the interaction of a strong optical field with a dense resonance medium.
Excited state population distribution created by 5S1/2→5P3/2 laser excitation in room temperature rubidium vapor was quantitatively analyzed applying absorption and saturation spectroscopy.When the laser linewidth was much smaller than the Doppler linewidth,the absorption coefficients were measured for a series of P780 powers between 40 μW and 5mW.Population in the 5P3/2 level obtained from the saturation measurements was also determined by the absorption measurement of narrow spectral line from a Rb hollow cathode lamp.The agreement between the results obtained in these two ways is very good.It was shown that 2% of the ground state population could be transferred to the first excited state by pumping the Doppler broadened line with a single-mode narrow-band laser.
We have investigated the nonlinear selective reflection of a laser beam (λ = 780 nm) from a high density rubidium vapor. The laser frequency was tuned over atomic transitions and coherent optical excitation of the atomic vapor was realized. The observed narrowing of reflection spectral profile is associated with a competition of two nonlinear processes: optical field induced coherent broadening (Rabi broadening) and optical saturation induced decreasing of dipole–dipole broadening of atomic transitions. For more complete understanding the spectral narrowing we suggest to perform a set of new experiments.
In this paper the saturation spectra of rubidium vapour at room temperature, obtained with overlapped co-propagating laser beams, were examined. Unlike the standard saturation spectroscopy, here the transmission of the pump laser beam was detected. The pump laser was locked to an atomic transition of the D2 line, while the probe laser frequency was scanned in a wide frequency range. The pump and probe beams had approximately the same intensities; thus the probe laser can saturate transitions and contribute to optical pumping. This, together with Doppler broadening, leads to rich pump transmission spectra, with many lines appearing due to the interaction of lasers with atoms in different velocity groups. The advantages of this method are well-resolved structures and appearance of spectral lines on a flat, Doppler-free background. Agreement between experimental and theoretical results shows the usefulness of this simple model, based on the rate equations, for identification of lines and determination of relative contribution to the observed line intensity from atoms with different velocities. Theoretical spectra are a useful tool for the calibration of experimental spectra obtained by a nonlinear dependence of the laser frequency on the voltage applied to the piezo used for the laser diode frequency scanning.