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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Analysis of a multi-loop temperature stabilization system for compact rubidium standard of frequency and time

S V Norkin, Vladimir N. Reshetov

Published Sep 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A possible design of a thermal stabilization system for compact atomic clock based on coherent population trapping is analyzed. The feasibility of independent control of the semiconductor laser's characteristics, such as wavelength and optical power, is considered. An algorithm is suggested for choosing the performance parameters of various control circuits, eliminating the occurrence of self-oscillation mode.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/747/1/012063

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A possible design of a thermal stabilization system for compact atomic clock based on coherent population trapping is analyzed. The feasibility of independent control of the semiconductor laser's characteristics, such as wavelength and optical power, is considered. An algorithm is suggested for choosing the performance parameters of various control circuits, eliminating the occurrence of self-oscillation mode.
The problem of developing control algorithms in quantum frequency standards based on the effect of coherent population trapping is considered. The development of such algorithms will make it possible to create frequency standards with metrological characteristics that are not inferior to the characteristics of rubidium frequency standards, with reduced power consumption and overall dimensions. A method for studying the dependence of the actual value and frequency instability of quantum frequency standards based on the effect of coherent population trapping on the operating modes of individual parts of the standards is presented. As a criterion for optimizing the laser injection current, the output power of the microwave generator, and the cell temperature, we chose to minimize the effect on the shift of the actual frequency of the standard. A comparative analysis of methods for changing the radiation intensity of a surface-emitting laser with a vertical resonator has been carried out and control algorithms have been developed that take into account the features of these methods. Based on these algorithms, software and tuning methods have been developed in quantum frequency standards based on the effect of coherent population trapping. For the prototype standard, the results of measuring the frequency instability are shown. It is shown that control algorithms and tuning methods can qualitatively change the metrological characteristics of quantum frequency standards based on the effect of coherent population trapping.
A brief review is made of the investigations conducted at the Laboratory of Frequency Standards at the P N Lebedev Physical Institute (FIAN) Division of Quantum Radiophysics along an important line of inquiry into the development of quantum frequency standards?the elaboration of a subminiature clock based on the coherent population trapping effect in alkali metal atoms with semiconductor laser pumping (frequency stability of 10?11?10?12 for an averaging time of ~ 104 s) and compact master oscillators/optical clocks with a frequency stability of 10?14?10?15 (for an averaging time of 1 s) based on He?Ne/CH4 and fiber femtosecond lasers.
We present a coherent population trapping clock system based on laser-cooled 87Rb atoms. The clock consists of a frequency-stabilized CPT interrogation laser and a cooling laser as well as a compact magneto-optical trap, a high-performance microwave synthesizer, and a signal detection system. The resonance signal in the continuous wave regime exhibits an absorption contrast of ∼ 50%. In the Ramsey interrogation method, the linewidth of the central fringe is 31.25 Hz. The system achieves fractional frequency stability of 2.4 × 10 − 11 / τ , which goes down to 1.8 × 10−13 at 20000 s. The results validate that cold atom interrogation can improve the long-term frequency stability of coherent population trapping clocks and holds the potential for developing compact/miniature cold atoms clocks.
Based on the model of the Λ-type three-level atomic system, the principle, the evolutionary equations and the resonance line characteristics of the coherent population trapping (CPT) are analyzed by means of ensemble-averaged density matrix approach. The paper presents a schematic illustration of practical realization and a block scheme of comprehensive analysis of the CPT system. Using vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) as optical source, we propose an appropriate physics package and design a small and digital servo circuit system, forming a subminiature adjustable and measurable CPT atomic clock system. The whole system is compact, small, low-power and well-adapted, in line with the further requirements of commercial development.
We present the design of a compact optical clock based on the 2 S 1/2 → 2 D 3/2 435.5 nm transition in 171 Yb + . The ion trap will be based on a micro-fabricated circuit, with surface electrodes generating a trapping potential to localize a single Yb ion a few hundred μ m from the electrodes. We present our trap design as well as simulations of the resulting trapping pseudo-potential. We also present a compact, multi-channel wavelength meter that will permit the frequency stabilization of the cooling, repumping and clear-out lasers at 369.5 nm, 935.2 nm and 638.6 nm needed to cool the ion. We use this wavelength meter to characterize and stabilize the frequency of extended cavity diode lasers at 369.5 nm and 638.6 nm.