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Laser Physics

Atom localization in 2D for five-level atomic schemes in X-configuration

Ali Raheli, Hamid Reza Hamedi, Mostafa Sahrai

Published Aug 26, 2015• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A five-level X-type atomic scheme is proposed to elucidate the two-dimensional (2D) atom localization in sub-wavelength domain by using different coupling situations of the atom with standing wave fields. The scheme is a mixture of two upper V- and lower -type usual three level systems which both are connected at a common intermediate level. The combination of the upper and lower systems can lead to different atom localization patterns as lattice-, chain-, crater-, wave-, and spike-like structures. We discuss how these structures may depend on different coupling conditions of the atom with the standing wave fields. Finally, an experimental implementation for such an atomic model is presented using the 87 Rb atoms.

DOI
10.1088/1054-660x/25/9/095202

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A five-level X-type atomic scheme is proposed to elucidate the two-dimensional (2D) atom localization in sub-wavelength domain by using different coupling situations of the atom with standing wave fields. The scheme is a mixture of two upper V- and lower -type usual three level systems which both are connected at a common intermediate level. The combination of the upper and lower systems can lead to different atom localization patterns as lattice-, chain-, crater-, wave-, and spike-like structures. We discuss how these structures may depend on different coupling conditions of the atom with the standing wave fields. Finally, an experimental implementation for such an atomic model is presented using the 87 Rb atoms.
Schemes for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) atomic states localization in a five level M-type system using standing-wave laser fields are presented. In the upper two levels of the system we see a `coupled' localization for both 2D and 3D case. Here, the state in which majority of population will be found depends on the sign of the detunings between the upper levels and the intermediate level. The experimental implementation of the scheme using the D2 line of Rb is also proposed. The scheme may be manipulated to achieve subwavelength localization of atoms in one dimension to a spatial width, smaller by a factor of 1000 than the incident wavelength.
By using three mutually perpendicular standing-wave fields, we propose a scheme for three-dimensional (3D) subwavelength atom localization in a five-level M-type atomic system. Based on the electromagnetically induced transparency, position probability distribution of the atom in 3D space could be determined via measuring the probe absorption which is proportional to the filter function. It is shown that patterns of 3D atom localization depends sensitively on the coupling schemes of the standing-wave fields. When the standing-wave fields couple three different transitions, the same atom localization patterns are formed in the eight subspaces of the 3D space. While all the standing-wave fields are applied on one transition, we can realize different atom localization patterns in the eight subspaces. From the view of the xy plane, various symmetric or asymmetric atom localization patterns could be formed at different z positions by adjusting the parameters of the laser fields.
A scheme for two-dimensional (2D) atom localization via probe absorption in a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type atomic system is suggested. The required atom-field configuration is obtained when the atom interacts with a weak probe field and two orthogonal standing-wave fields where each standing-wave field is obtained from the superposition of the two standing-wave fields along the corresponding directions. We study the effect of the probe field detuning and phase shifts associated with the standing-wave fields. Two equally probable position information of the single atom are observed in the conditional position probability distribution. However, a unique position of the single atom in the 2D xyxyxy plane is observed for some arbitrary choices of the phases associated with standing-wave fields and by selecting slightly different wavelengths of standing-wave fields.
We propose a scheme for two-dimensional (2D) atom localization based on the controllable Autler–Townes spontaneous spectrum in a three-level ladder-type atomic system. The two upper levels are driven by two orthogonal standing-wave fields, where each standing-wave field is constituted of the superposition of two standing-wave fields along the corresponding direction. It is found that, depending on the effect of the asymmetric superposition, the maximal probability of finding an atom within the sub-half-wavelength domain of the standing waves can reach unity with appropriate values of the frequency detuning of the spontaneously emitted photon and the Rabi frequencies and phase shifts associated with the standing-wave fields. Our scheme may provide a promising way to achieve high-precision and high-resolution 2D atom localization.
A scheme of two-dimensional atom localization based on a coherence-controlled absorption spectrum in an N -tripod-type five-level system is proposed, in which the atom interacts with a weak probe field and three standing-wave fields. Position information of the atom can be achieved by measuring the probe absorption. It is found that the localization properties are significantly improved due to the interaction of dark resonances. It is also shown that the localization factors depend strongly on the system parameters that lead to such spatial structures of localization as chain-like, wave-like, '8'-like, spike-like, crater-like and heart-like patterns. By properly adjusting the system parameters, we can achieve a high-precision and high-resolution atom localization under certain conditions.