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Laser Physics

Two-dimensional sub-half-wavelength atom localization via Autler–Townes microscopy

Tao Shui, Zhiping Wang, Zhigang Cao, Benli Yu

Published Apr 15, 2014• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme for two-dimensional (2D) atom localization based on the controllable Autler–Townes spontaneous spectrum in a three-level ladder-type atomic system. The two upper levels are driven by two orthogonal standing-wave fields, where each standing-wave field is constituted of the superposition of two standing-wave fields along the corresponding direction. It is found that, depending on the effect of the asymmetric superposition, the maximal probability of finding an atom within the sub-half-wavelength domain of the standing waves can reach unity with appropriate values of the frequency detuning of the spontaneously emitted photon and the Rabi frequencies and phase shifts associated with the standing-wave fields. Our scheme may provide a promising way to achieve high-precision and high-resolution 2D atom localization.

DOI
10.1088/1054-660x/24/5/055202

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We propose a scheme for two-dimensional (2D) atom localization based on the controllable Autler–Townes spontaneous spectrum in a three-level ladder-type atomic system. The two upper levels are driven by two orthogonal standing-wave fields, where each standing-wave field is constituted of the superposition of two standing-wave fields along the corresponding direction. It is found that, depending on the effect of the asymmetric superposition, the maximal probability of finding an atom within the sub-half-wavelength domain of the standing waves can reach unity with appropriate values of the frequency detuning of the spontaneously emitted photon and the Rabi frequencies and phase shifts associated with the standing-wave fields. Our scheme may provide a promising way to achieve high-precision and high-resolution 2D atom localization.
We propose a scheme for two-dimensional (2D) atom localization based on the controlled spontaneous emission, in which the atom interacts with two orthogonal standing-wave fields. Due to the spatially dependent atom-field interaction, the position probability distribution of the atom can be directly determined by measuring the resulting spontaneously emission spectrum. The phase sensitive property of the atomic system leads to quenching of the spontaneous emission in some regions of the standing-waves, which significantly reduces the uncertainty in the position measurement of the atom. We find that the frequency measurement of the emitted light localizes the atom in half-wavelength domain. Especially the probability of finding the atom at a particular position can reach 100% when a photon with certain frequency is detected. By increasing the Rabi frequencies of the driving fields, such 2D sub-half-wavelength atom localization can acquire high spatial resolution.
We propose a scheme for two-dimensional sub-half-wavelength atom localization using two lasers with equal frequencies, and obtain the analytical expression of conditional position probability (CPP) using a spontaneous-emission spectrum for a four-level atom which passes through two-dimensional orthogonal standing-wave fields. The quantum interference effect between two decay channels leads to extreme spectral narrowing and quenching of spontaneous emission in some regions of the standing-wave field, which results in the appearance of a high-spatial-resolution localization peak. The two-dimensional sub-half-wavelength atom localization is obtained with high precision and high spatial resolution by adjusting the relative phase and detuning.
A scheme for two-dimensional (2D) atom localization via probe absorption in a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type atomic system is suggested. The required atom-field configuration is obtained when the atom interacts with a weak probe field and two orthogonal standing-wave fields where each standing-wave field is obtained from the superposition of the two standing-wave fields along the corresponding directions. We study the effect of the probe field detuning and phase shifts associated with the standing-wave fields. Two equally probable position information of the single atom are observed in the conditional position probability distribution. However, a unique position of the single atom in the 2D xyxyxy plane is observed for some arbitrary choices of the phases associated with standing-wave fields and by selecting slightly different wavelengths of standing-wave fields.
We present a scheme for two-dimensional (2D) atom localization in a three-level atomic system. The scheme is based on quantum coherence via classical standing wave fields between the two excited levels. Our results show that conditional position probability is significantly phase dependent of the applied field and frequency detuning of spontaneously emitted photons. We obtain a single localization peak having probability close to unity by manipulating the control parameters. The effect of atomic level coherence on the sub-wavelength localization has also been studied. Our scheme may be helpful in systems involving atom-field interaction.
We present a scheme for sub-half-wavelength localization based on phase-dependent coherent effects on resonance fluorescence. A three-level atom in the Λ configuration is considered. Two metastable states are so separated from each other that the fluorescence spectra from the different transitions do not overlap. Two dipole-allowed transitions and one dipole-forbidden transition are driven by a standing-wave laser field, a travelling-wave laser field and a microwave field, respectively. The spectrum of fluorescence from the standing-wave coupled transition is dependent not only on the position but also on the collective phase of all applied fields. When the phase is varied and fluorescence photons are detected, 50% probability is achieved in a half-wavelength region. This scheme is as efficient as previous ones based on coherence-controlled Autler–Townes spectra.
We show that it is possible to localize an atom in a half-wavelength region by relaxing the strict condition that the atom is prepared in a specific excited state as in the recently proposed scheme [Phys. Rev. A 65 (2002) 043819]. In particular, we consider a four-level atom, for which a weak exciting field transfers population from the ground state to the excited state and three control fields (one standing-wave field while two travelling-wave fields) couple the excited state and two auxiliary states. By tuning the exciting field and by varying the collective phase of the control fields, the atom is localized in one of the two half-wavelength regions with 50% detecting probability. The main advantage of the scheme is the experimental accessibility and controllability.