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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Sub-half-wavelength atom localization via coherence-controlled resonance fluorescence

Wen-bing Shen, Xiangming Hu, Jun Xu

Published Sep 3, 2008• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a scheme for sub-half-wavelength localization based on phase-dependent coherent effects on resonance fluorescence. A three-level atom in the Λ configuration is considered. Two metastable states are so separated from each other that the fluorescence spectra from the different transitions do not overlap. Two dipole-allowed transitions and one dipole-forbidden transition are driven by a standing-wave laser field, a travelling-wave laser field and a microwave field, respectively. The spectrum of fluorescence from the standing-wave coupled transition is dependent not only on the position but also on the collective phase of all applied fields. When the phase is varied and fluorescence photons are detected, 50% probability is achieved in a half-wavelength region. This scheme is as efficient as previous ones based on coherence-controlled Autler–Townes spectra.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/41/18/185502

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We present a scheme for sub-half-wavelength localization based on phase-dependent coherent effects on resonance fluorescence. A three-level atom in the Λ configuration is considered. Two metastable states are so separated from each other that the fluorescence spectra from the different transitions do not overlap. Two dipole-allowed transitions and one dipole-forbidden transition are driven by a standing-wave laser field, a travelling-wave laser field and a microwave field, respectively. The spectrum of fluorescence from the standing-wave coupled transition is dependent not only on the position but also on the collective phase of all applied fields. When the phase is varied and fluorescence photons are detected, 50% probability is achieved in a half-wavelength region. This scheme is as efficient as previous ones based on coherence-controlled Autler–Townes spectra.
We show that it is possible to localize an atom in a half-wavelength region by relaxing the strict condition that the atom is prepared in a specific excited state as in the recently proposed scheme [Phys. Rev. A 65 (2002) 043819]. In particular, we consider a four-level atom, for which a weak exciting field transfers population from the ground state to the excited state and three control fields (one standing-wave field while two travelling-wave fields) couple the excited state and two auxiliary states. By tuning the exciting field and by varying the collective phase of the control fields, the atom is localized in one of the two half-wavelength regions with 50% detecting probability. The main advantage of the scheme is the experimental accessibility and controllability.
We show that the trichromatic manipulation of the absorption spectrum leads to sub-half-wavelength atom localization. In particular, a three-level atom in the Λ configuration is considered, in which one transition is coupled by a trichromatic field with one sideband component being a standing-wave field while the other transition is probed by a weak monochromatic field. By varying the sum of relative phases of the sideband components of the trichromatic field to the central component, the atom is localized in either of the two half-wavelength regions with 50% detecting probability when the absorption spectrum is measured.
We present a realistic and efficient scheme for sub-half-wavelength atom localization. This scheme is based on the phase-dependent electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level system in the double-Λ configuration. We use a strong bichromatic field (one component of which is standing-wave field) as the driving components, and a weak bichromatic field as the probe components. By choosing the collective phase of the four applied components, the atom is localized in either of the two half-wavelength regions with 50% detecting probability when the absorption to the probe fields is detected.
We propose a scheme for two-dimensional (2D) atom localization based on the controllable Autler–Townes spontaneous spectrum in a three-level ladder-type atomic system. The two upper levels are driven by two orthogonal standing-wave fields, where each standing-wave field is constituted of the superposition of two standing-wave fields along the corresponding direction. It is found that, depending on the effect of the asymmetric superposition, the maximal probability of finding an atom within the sub-half-wavelength domain of the standing waves can reach unity with appropriate values of the frequency detuning of the spontaneously emitted photon and the Rabi frequencies and phase shifts associated with the standing-wave fields. Our scheme may provide a promising way to achieve high-precision and high-resolution 2D atom localization.
We propose a scheme of atom localization based on the interaction of the atom in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration with a strong bichromatic coupling field and a weak bichromatic probe field with equal frequency difference. One of the bichromatic coupling components is a standing-wave field, which imposes position information on the Rabi frequency. By varying the difference between the relative phases of the two bichromatic fields, the atom is localized in either of the two half-wavelength regions with 50% probability provided the population in the upper state is detected.
We propose a scheme for two-dimensional atom localization based on the coherent controlled absorption and gain of a weak probe field in a four-level double-\ensuremath{\Lambda} system, in which the atom interacts with two orthogonal standing-wave fields. Owing to the space-dependent atom-field interaction, the position probability distribution of the atom passing through the standing waves can be directly determined by measuring the resulting absorption and gain spectra. The phase-sensitive property of the atomic system significantly reduces the uncertainty in the position measurement of the atom. It is found that, by properly varying the parameters of the system, we can achieve sub-half-wavelength atom localization with high precision. Especially the probability of finding the atom at a particular position can be 100% when a photon with certain frequency is absorbed or amplified. Numerical calculations and qualitative analyses show that the enhancement of precision in the position measurement of the atom is attributed to the interference between the one-photon excitation and the phase-dependent three-photon excitation from the closed interacting contour in the laser-driven atomic system.