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Journal of Modern Optics

Three-dimensional atom localization in a five-level M-type atomic system

Yihong Qi, Fengxue Zhou, Ting Huang, Yueping Niu, Shangqing Gong

Published Jun 21, 2012• 59 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By using three mutually perpendicular standing-wave fields, we propose a scheme for three-dimensional (3D) subwavelength atom localization in a five-level M-type atomic system. Based on the electromagnetically induced transparency, position probability distribution of the atom in 3D space could be determined via measuring the probe absorption which is proportional to the filter function. It is shown that patterns of 3D atom localization depends sensitively on the coupling schemes of the standing-wave fields. When the standing-wave fields couple three different transitions, the same atom localization patterns are formed in the eight subspaces of the 3D space. While all the standing-wave fields are applied on one transition, we can realize different atom localization patterns in the eight subspaces. From the view of the xy plane, various symmetric or asymmetric atom localization patterns could be formed at different z positions by adjusting the parameters of the laser fields.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2012.697203

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By using three mutually perpendicular standing-wave fields, we propose a scheme for three-dimensional (3D) subwavelength atom localization in a five-level M-type atomic system. Based on the electromagnetically induced transparency, position probability distribution of the atom in 3D space could be determined via measuring the probe absorption which is proportional to the filter function. It is shown that patterns of 3D atom localization depends sensitively on the coupling schemes of the standing-wave fields. When the standing-wave fields couple three different transitions, the same atom localization patterns are formed in the eight subspaces of the 3D space. While all the standing-wave fields are applied on one transition, we can realize different atom localization patterns in the eight subspaces. From the view of the xy plane, various symmetric or asymmetric atom localization patterns could be formed at different z positions by adjusting the parameters of the laser fields.
Abstract A new scheme for three-dimensional (3D) atom localization is proposed, in which the atomic system is driven by three orthogonal standing-wave lasers. Because of the space-dependent atom–field interaction, the position probability distribution of the atom can be directly determined by measuring the probe absorption. It is found that, by properly varying the parameters of the system, the probability of finding the atom in 3D space can be almost 100%. Our scheme opens a promising way to achieve high-precision and high-efficiency 3D atom localization, which provides some potential applications in laser cooling or atom nano-lithography via atom localization.
We propose a scheme for high-precision two- and three-dimensional atom localization in a coherently driven closed-loop five-level M-type atomic system by using a density matrix formalism. Our system consists of not only strong and probe fields but also a microwave field to form a closed loop in the atomic system. Due to position-dependent interaction of the atom in the standing-wave field, the absorption spectra of the probe field provide the precise information about atom localization in a subspace of one wavelength. While numerically solving the density matrix equations, various kinds of localization patterns are obtained, such as parallel wave-, crater-, valley-, and bell-shape-like, in the case of two-dimensional atom localization. Further, the three-dimensional atom localization case is also discussed under different parametric conditions. High precession and high resolution of atom localization are observed for our case and the localization can be tuned to the desired subspace by properly adjusting external parameters. Moreover, maximum conditional probability distribution of the atom is also achieved, i.e., 1 in both two- and three-dimensional localization cases under appropriate conditions.
We propose a new scheme for three-dimensional (3D) atom localization controlled by incoherent pump in a three-level Λ-type atomic system. The spatial position information of an atom in 3D space can be achieved via measuring probe gain and absorption when the atom passes through three mutually perpendicular standing-wave fields. It is found that high-detecting-probability and high-precision 3D atom localization can be obtained via properly adjusting the relevant parameters in the presence of the combination of a traveling-wave field and three orthogonal standing-wave fields. Furthermore, it is also shown that the incoherent pumping field can switch the localization patterns from the probe-gain sphere to the probe-absorption sphere and enhance 3D atom-localization precision.
A scheme of phase-sensitive three-dimensional atom localization (3DAL) is presented based on absorption measurement of the weak probe field in a driven four-level Λ-type atomic system with twofold lower levels in which the atom interacts with three orthogonal standing wave fields. Because of the space-dependent coupling of the atom field in three dimensions, the position probability distribution of the passer atom through the standing wave fields can be straightforwardly assessed by gauging the resultant absorption spectra. It is found that, by appropriately tuning the system parameters, various 3D periodic isosurface patterns of localization including polyhedrons, waves, cylinders, diamonds, lattices, bowling pins, tetrahedrons, cubes, and spheres can be formed and the high-precision and high-resolution 3DAL can be manipulated. Because of the closed-loop structure in this atomic system, the probe absorption is dependent on the relative phase of applied fields. The phase dependence of 3DAL in also discussed.
We present a new scheme for three-dimensional (3D) atom localization in a three-level atomic system via measuring the absorption of a weak probe field. Owing to the space-dependent atom-field interaction, the position probability distribution of the atom can be directly determined by measuring the probe absorption. It is found that, by properly varying the parameters of the system, the probability of finding the atom in 3D space can be almost 100%. Our scheme opens a promising way to achieve high-precision and high-efficiency 3D atom localization, which provides some potential applications in laser cooling or atom nano-lithography via atom localization.
Abstract A new scheme for three-dimensional (3D) atom localization is proposed based on measuring the probe absorption spectra in a four-level diamond-configuration atomic system, in which the atom interacts with three orthogonal standing-wave laser fields. Due to spatial-dependent interaction between atom and fields, position information of the atom can be obtained by measuring the absorption spectra of the weak probe field. The results show that atom localization properties can be significantly improved and some interesting spatial localization structures such as double-layer lantern-like, single-layer lantern-like, gourd-like, cylinder-like, and ellipsoid-like patterns can be achieved when we adjust system parameters properly. Most importantly, we can find the atom at a particular position in 3D space with 100% probability under appropriate conditions.