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Optics and Spectroscopy

Orientational frequency shifts of microwave 0-0 superfine resonance in 87Rb vapor with selective optical pumping

A. A. Baranov, Ермак Сергей Викторович, V. V. Semenov

Published Mar 1, 2013• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The orientational frequency shift of the UHF radio-optical resonance in the 87 Rb vapor with a selective optical pumping by laser and lamp sources is studied experimentally and theoretically. A leading role of the tensor component of the light shift is noticed for both excitation modes, and a modulation technique of the resonance frequency orientation shift suppression is demonstrated. We show that it is necessary to ensure a constancy of the angle between the pump light direction and the external magnetic field vector when using a rubidium quantum discriminator based on moving and rotating carriers.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x13030053

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•Aug 21, 1961•0 citations
The orientational frequency shift of the UHF radio-optical resonance in the 87 Rb vapor with a selective optical pumping by laser and lamp sources is studied experimentally and theoretically. A leading role of the tensor component of the light shift is noticed for both excitation modes, and a modulation technique of the resonance frequency orientation shift suppression is demonstrated. We show that it is necessary to ensure a constancy of the angle between the pump light direction and the external magnetic field vector when using a rubidium quantum discriminator based on moving and rotating carriers.
The paper presents the measurements results of the orientational light shift of the radio-optical 0-0 resonance frequency in the rubidium vapor with isotopic pumping. The experiments were done on a laboratory quantum discriminator, the functional diagram of which contained a known element set for rubidium frequency standard on a gas cell. The discriminator was placed in the three identical pairs of Helmholtz coils, 50 cm in diameter, which created a working magnetic field (10 μT, 3 μT, and 1 μT) in the area of the gas cell. Helmholtz coils were connected to alternating voltage sources to create a rotating magnetic field relative to the normal to the direction of the pumping light. To weaken external magnetic noise and inhomogeneities of the laboratory magnetic field, the entire system was placed in a magnetic shield with a screening factor of ~ 103, which practically made it possible to exclude the effect of the residual field on the measurements accuracy. The main experimental results are formulated as follows: the orientational frequency shift of the 0-0 radio-optical resonance does not depend on the magnitude of the working magnetic field and is linearly related to the pumping light intensity; when the working magnetic field is oriented normal to the quantum discriminator optical axis, the tensor and scalar components of the light shift have equal (positive) signs, which at any temperature of the filter-cell leads to their impossible compensation; when the working magnetic field is oriented along the quantum discriminator optical axis, the tensor and scalar components of the light shift have opposite signs, which at the corresponding temperature of the filter-cell leads to their possible (partial) compensation.
The contributions of the vector and scalar components to the magnetically dependent microwave transition frequency light shift are analyzed and the compensation of these components is experimentally demonstrated for the 87Rb atoms optically oriented by a laser tuned to the D 2 line of the head doublet. The Allan variance is studied as a function of the averaging time for a tandem of optically pumped quantum magnetometers (OPQMs), one of which is based on a low-frequency spin oscillator while another is based on a quantum microwave discriminator with a resonance frequency that corresponds to magnetically dependent transitions between HFS sublevels with the extremal value of the magnetic quantum number. It is shown that the compensation of the scalar and vector components of the light shift in OPQMs reduces the Allan variance at averaging times that exceed hundreds of seconds compared to a quantum discriminator based on the magnetically independent 0–0 transition. In this case, the minimal Allan variance in OPQMs at the end resonance is achieved at considerably longer averaging times than in the case of the quantum discriminator that is tuned to the 0–0 transition frequency.
We report on experimental and theoretical investigations of the polarization dependence of magnetic resonance generated by synchronous optical pumping. Magnetic resonances with narrow linewidth are generated experimentally using a rubidium vapor cell with octadecyltrichlorosilane antirelaxation coating on inner walls. We studied the effect of light ellipticity on the amplitudes and widths of magnetic resonances by matching the light modulation frequency with $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ (alignment) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ (orientation) in a Bell-Bloom interaction geometry, where ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ corresponds to the Larmor frequency. Both $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ resonance amplitudes showed a strong dependence on the light ellipticity. In addition, we showed that the duty cycle of light modulation changes the slope of amplitude variations in $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ resonances with light ellipticity. As a potential application, we showed that the difference between $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ resonance amplitudes can be used for in situ measurement of light ellipticity. We also studied the dependence of $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ resonance amplitudes on the polarization angle of linearly polarized light. These amplitudes oscillate periodically with the polarization angle. We found this oscillatory behavior to be sensitive to the tilt in magnetic field direction from the polarization plane. Such a property could be used to realize a vector magnetometer. A density matrix based theoretical model is developed to simulate the magnetic resonance spectrum for different light polarizations. Our theoretical model accurately reproduces the above-mentioned experimental observations.
Abstract : A method for the optical observation of nutational resonance in optically pumped rubidium vapor has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. The method consists of pulsemodulating an rf magnetic field a one of the Zeeman resonance frequencies of the vapor and observing the resulting damped transient modulation in the transmitted light intensity. Of particular interest is the application of this method to a study of the spin relaxation of vapor atoms as influenced by the physical parameters of the system, in the case where the applied steady magnetic field is intense enough to cause individual Zeeman intervals to become noticeably unequal. Both single and double quantum resonances at a wide spectrum of Zeeman transitions of Rb-85 vapor diffusing through neon and helium buffer gases have been observed and identified, and the damping of the transient nutations in light intensity has been recorded under a variety of conditions. (Author)