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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Self-generating magnetometer with laser pumping employment in “end resonance” wall coated vapor cell atomic clocks

A A Baranov, Ермак Сергей Викторович, R. V. Smolin, V. V. Semenov

Published Jun 1, 2016• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper presents the results of two double resonance signals correlation investigation. These signals were observed synchronously in optically oriented Rb 87 vapors with laser pumping in a dual scheme: low frequency M x -magnetometer and microwave frequency discriminator. Analytical studies of the scalar and vector light shift components contribution to the frequency instability of the end resonance microwave transitions are presented. An experimental demonstration of the light shift components mutual compensation in optically pumped Rb 87 atoms was provided. The results were processed in terms of Allan variance, which demonstrated an effect of decreasing frequency variation at averaging times more than 100 s for a joint scheme of the end resonance microwave transition and selfgenerating (M x ) magnetometer.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/723/1/012016

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This paper presents the results of two double resonance signals correlation investigation. These signals were observed synchronously in optically oriented Rb 87 vapors with laser pumping in a dual scheme: low frequency M x -magnetometer and microwave frequency discriminator. Analytical studies of the scalar and vector light shift components contribution to the frequency instability of the end resonance microwave transitions are presented. An experimental demonstration of the light shift components mutual compensation in optically pumped Rb 87 atoms was provided. The results were processed in terms of Allan variance, which demonstrated an effect of decreasing frequency variation at averaging times more than 100 s for a joint scheme of the end resonance microwave transition and selfgenerating (M x ) magnetometer.
The contributions of the vector and scalar components to the magnetically dependent microwave transition frequency light shift are analyzed and the compensation of these components is experimentally demonstrated for the 87Rb atoms optically oriented by a laser tuned to the D 2 line of the head doublet. The Allan variance is studied as a function of the averaging time for a tandem of optically pumped quantum magnetometers (OPQMs), one of which is based on a low-frequency spin oscillator while another is based on a quantum microwave discriminator with a resonance frequency that corresponds to magnetically dependent transitions between HFS sublevels with the extremal value of the magnetic quantum number. It is shown that the compensation of the scalar and vector components of the light shift in OPQMs reduces the Allan variance at averaging times that exceed hundreds of seconds compared to a quantum discriminator based on the magnetically independent 0–0 transition. In this case, the minimal Allan variance in OPQMs at the end resonance is achieved at considerably longer averaging times than in the case of the quantum discriminator that is tuned to the 0–0 transition frequency.
We have studied the influence of low-frequency noise on the stability of resonance frequency of a self-oscillating magnetometer on 87Rb vapor with simultaneous monitoring of the signal of radio-optical resonance on the magnetic-field-dependent microwave transition under laser pumping at the D 2 line of the head doublet. The difference of synchronous records of detected signals reduced to the same scale in magnetic field units was processed to determine the Allan variance as a function of the averaging time. The correlation coefficient characterizing the coupling of detected signals determined by the pumping rate and intensity of radio fields generated in the region of the absorption chamber. The self-oscillating magnetometer can only operate provided that there is laser tuning to the long-wavelength component of the electric-dipole transition.
The results of studies of the long-term frequency stability as a function of the correlation coefficient for a tandem of two quantum magnetometers with laser pumping of 87 Rb in wall-coated vapour cell are represented. Measurement scheme includes a low-frequency self-generating magnetometer and a quantum microwave discriminator working at magnetic dipole transitions of radio-optical end state resonance. The difference of synchronously detected signals is processed to determine the Allan variance as a function of averaging time and correlation coefficient of signals. These parameters are essentially dependent both on the pumping light intensity and polarization and the intensity of radio fields that are produced in the working cell.
The paper is devoted to the investigation of mutual influence of low-frequency and microwave resonances in 87 Rb vapor cell magnetometers system with laser pumping. One of the magnetometers was based on a low-frequency spin generator principle, while the second one was built as passive microwave spectrometer with a resonance frequency lock loop. The paper analyzes the frequency shifts in the low-frequency and microwave channels of the tandem of magnetometers associated with the simultaneous action of the resonant radio fields on the alkali atoms. Such effect is manifested in the frequency shifts of the spin generator for fixed changes in the amplitude of the microwave field.
The possibility of the atomic clock based on two quantum magnetometer system development is demonstrated. One of the magnetometers is self-oscillation type, another is M z - type magnetometer based on end-state UHF resonance. The laser pumping of 87 Rb atoms placed into antirelaxation coated sell is provided. The magnetometers frequency difference fluctuations experimental results are represented and Allan deviation is determined. The role of the radio-optical resonance frequency light shift different components is denoted for the determination of the quantum magnetometers optimal operation mode. The effect of the light shift compensation is demonstrated.
In this paper, we present our studies on double resonance using atomic 87Rb in a wall-coated cell, in view of applications in a laser-pumped Rb atomic frequency standard. We study the systematic clock frequency shifts in a wall-coated cell, such as light shift, microwave power shift [11, 12] and shift due to cell temperature [13] (for the cell body, and for the Rb reservoir, also called the cell stem). We also report on our clock stability measurement using the wallcoated cell in DR scheme, and discuss the influence of the shift parameters first on the frequency stability of the clock.